This Act shall bind the Crown.

This Act applies to every tenancy for residential purposes except as specifically provided.

(1) This Act shall not apply in the following cases:

• (a) where the premises are commercial premises:

• (b) where the whole or a substantial part of the tenant's income is derived from the use of the premises for agricultural, pastoral, horticultural, or other similar purposes:

• (ba) where the premises are let for a fixed-term tenancy of at least 5 years, the tenancy was granted before the commencement, on 1 January 2008, of the Property Law Act 2007, and the tenancy agreement expressly provides that this Act shall not apply:

• (c) where the premises constitute part of a Corrections prison or Police jail:

• (d) where the premises constitute part of any hospital, home, or other institution for the care of sick, disabled, or aged persons:

• (e) where the premises constitute part of Police barracks, or Police cells and lock-ups:

• (f) where the premises constitute any barracks conducted by the Armed Forces for the accommodation of persons subject to the Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971:

• (g) where the premises constitute any barracks or hostel conducted by an employer for the accommodation of employees of that employer or (where the employer is a company) for the accommodation of employees of any associated company (within the meaning of section 2(2)):

• (h) where the premises are used to provide accommodation to students—

  • (i) at a school hostel (being a hostel within the meaning of section 2 of the Education Act 1989); or

  • (ii) in accordance with the requirements of section 5B:

• (i) where the premises constitute part of a building occupied by a club and used by the club for the provision of temporary or transient accommodation to members of the club:

• (j) where the premises constitute part of any hotel in respect of which an on-licence is in force under the Sale of Liquor Act 1989:

• (k) where the premises—

  • (i) are intended to provide temporary or transient accommodation (such as that provided by hotels and motels), being accommodation that is ordinarily provided for periods of less than 28 days at a time; and

  • (ii) are subject to an agreement that has been entered into for the purpose of providing temporary or transient accommodation that continues to be provided under the agreement:

• (l) where the tenant occupies the premises under an occupation right agreement within the meaning of the Retirement Villages Act 2003:

• (m) where the premises are let for the tenant's holiday purposes:

• (n) where the premises, not being a boarding house, continue to be used, during the tenancy, principally as a place of residence by the landlord or the owner of the premises or by any member of the landlord’s or owner’s family:

• (o) where the tenant is the purchaser of the premises under an agreement for sale and purchase with the landlord as vendor, not being an agreement that is revocable at will by the vendor:

• (p) where any of the tenants is also the landlord or one of the landlords by virtue of an arrangement of a kind commonly known as a cross-lease or lease-back arrangement:

• (q) where the tenant's interest in the premises is a stratum estate in leasehold under the Unit Titles Act 2010:

• (r) where the tenancy arises wholly from or depends wholly upon the ownership by the tenant of any shares in a company that owns the premises:

• (s) where the tenancy agreement—

  • (i) is genuinely entered into to enable a tenant (the sublandlord) to sublet the premises to provide accommodation for other people for commercial gain or to provide accommodation for the sublandlord's employees or to provide social housing; and

  • (ii) is not entered into to provide accommodation for the sublandlord or to evade this Act or any of its provisions; and

  • (iii) expressly provides that the sublandlord will not personally occupy the premises:

• (t) where the premises comprise bare land (with or without facilities) on which the tenant has the right under the tenancy agreement to place or erect a mobile home, caravan, or other means of shelter:

• (ta) where the tenant occupies, under a tenancy agreement, a cabin, caravan, vehicle, tent, or other building or structure that—

  • (i) is located in a camping-ground subject to regulations under the Health Act 1956; and

  • (ii) is intended for human habitation for periods not exceeding 50 days in any continuous term of occupancy:

• (tb) where temporary or transient accommodation is provided in a relocatable home under a tenancy agreement that has been entered into for the purpose of providing accommodation of that kind and that continues to be provided under the agreement:

• (u) if the tenancy has been entered into by a leasing authority under section 7(1)(e), (f), (g), or (h) of the Public Bodies Leases Act 1969:

• (v) if the Māori Trustee has leased a Māori reserve or township land under section 26 of the Maori Reserved Land Act 1955:

• (w) if the lease provides for a perpetual right of renewal:

• (x) if the lease is of land on which a dwellinghouse is erected and the lessee is entitled (whether beneficially or as trustee), on or before the termination of the tenancy, to remove the dwellinghouse or to receive compensation in respect of it.

(2) In subsection (1)(s)(i), social housing means housing for—

• (a) persons on low incomes:

• (b) persons with special housing needs:

• (c) persons whose disabilities mean that they need support or supervision in their housing.

(3) In subsection (1)(tb), relocatable home means a structure (other than a tent) that—

• (a) is located in a camping-ground subject to regulations under the Health Act 1956; and

• (b) is designed to be relocatable; and

• (c) comprises a group of rooms occupied or intended to be occupied either permanently or temporarily as the living quarters of a single housekeeping unit (whether consisting of 1 or more persons), which is completely self-contained in respect of domestic equipment and facilities.

(1) This section applies to a fixed-term tenancy of at least 5 years, and to which this Act does not apply because the tenancy—

• (a) commenced before 1 December 1996 and is one to which section 6 of this Act, as repealed by section 4(1) of the Residential Tenancies Amendment Act 1996, continues to apply in accordance with section 4(2) of that Amendment Act; or

• (b) commenced on or after 1 December 1996 and before 1 January 2008 (which is the date on which the Property Law Act 2007 came into force) and is one to which section 5(ba) applies.

(2) The tenancy—

• (a) remains subject to sections 104A, 104B, 107B, and 116A to 116M (except section 116B(2)) of the Property Law Act 1952 (the specified sections of the 1952 Act), so far as those sections were applicable to the tenancy immediately before the commencement, on 1 January 2008, of the Property Law Act 2007, and as if those sections had not been repealed by that Act; and

• (b) is subject to subsections (3) to (6).

(3) No covenant or agreement, whether entered into before or after the commencement, on 19 September 1975, of the Property Law Amendment Act 1975 has, from that commencement, any force or effect to deprive the lessor or lessee of any dwellinghouse of any right, power, privilege, or other benefit provided for in any of the specified sections of the 1952 Act.

(4) Subsection (3) does not apply in respect of any lease of a dwellinghouse if the rent thereby reserved does not exceed 50% of the equitable rent of the dwellinghouse.

(5) Subsection (6) applies to a person who makes an assertion, for the purposes of subsection (4), that the rent reserved by the lease of a dwellinghouse does not exceed 50% of the equitable rent of that dwellinghouse.

(6) It is for the person to prove the assertion by showing that the rent does not exceed 50% of the equitable rent of the dwellinghouse within the preceding period of 12 months as determined by a District Court—

• (a) on an application for the purpose by the person; and

• (b) applying section 8 of the Rent Appeal Act 1973.

(1) For the purposes of section 5(1)(h)(ii), this Act does not apply to premises if—

• (a) the premises are used to provide accommodation exclusively for students of 1 or more tertiary education providers; and

• (b) the premises are owned or operated by a person (an accommodation provider) who is—

  • (i) a tertiary education provider; or

  • (ii) a person who has entered into a written agreement of the kind described in subsection (5) with each tertiary education provider whose students are accommodated at the premises; and

• (c) the accommodation provider complies with subsections (2) to (4).

(2) The accommodation provider must provide services to the students accommodated in the premises that are over and above the services that a landlord must provide under Part 2 or 2A.

(3) The accommodation provider must have in place house rules that aim to create an environment that fosters personal development and encourages a sense of community and association with fellow students.

(4) The accommodation provider must take all reasonable steps to ensure that prospective and current student tenants are made aware of, and have access to copies of, the house rules.

(5) An agreement referred to in subsection (1)(b) is one that sets out—

• (a) the rights and obligations of the accommodation provider and the tertiary education provider; and

• (b) a dispute resolution process by which disputes between the accommodation provider and the tertiary education provider may be resolved.

(6) In this section, tertiary education provider has the same meaning as in section 159(1) of the Education Act 1989, and, accordingly, includes universities, polytechnics, colleges of education, wananga, specialist colleges, private training establishments registered under Part 18 of that Act, and government training establishments.

(1) Subject to subsection (2), nothing in sections 25 to 28 and 51 shall apply to a fixed-term tenancy of not more than 90 days if, before the commencement of the tenancy, the parties agree in writing that the tenancy will not be extended or renewed to give a total length of the term in excess of 90 days.

(2) Where such a tenancy is extended or renewed, whether once or more than once, with the result that the total length of the term exceeds 90 days, on the expiry of that period of 90 days the tenancy shall become subject to sections 25 to 28 and 51 (as well as all the other provisions).

(2A) The parties may not enter into a fixed-term tenancy of not more than 90 days for the purpose of using that tenancy as a trial-period for ascertaining the desirability of extending or renewing the tenancy.

(2B) The Tribunal may, on the application of a tenant or former tenant who is or who was a party to a fixed-term tenancy of not more than 90 days, order the extension or renewal of that tenancy on any terms that the Tribunal thinks just if the Tribunal is satisfied that—

• (a) the tenancy was granted in breach of subsection (2A); and

• (b) the proposed extension or renewal will not prejudice third parties who are not in any way involved in the breach.

(3) For the purposes of this section, the term fixed-term tenancy includes such a tenancy terminable by notice.

(1) Nothing in any of sections 5 to 7 shall prevent the parties to a tenancy that would otherwise be excluded from this Act by virtue of any of the provisions of those sections, being a tenancy of any premises used or intended to be used for residential premises, from agreeing in writing that all or any of the provisions of this Act shall apply in respect of the tenancy, either without modification or with such modifications as they may so agree.

(2) Without limiting subsection (1), any such agreement may confer upon the Tribunal, in respect of the tenancy, all or any of the jurisdiction conferred on the Tribunal by this Act in respect of tenancies to which this Act applies.

(1) Subject to subsection (2) and to sections 5 to 7, in respect of every tenancy granted before the date of the commencement of this Act and still subsisting immediately before that date, this Act shall apply on and after that date.

(2) Nothing in sections 12, 14, 23, 24, 30, 32, 39, 40, 44 to 46, 58, and 59 shall apply to—

• (a) any fixed-term tenancy granted before the date of the commencement of this Act and still subsisting immediately before that date; or

• (b) any service tenancy granted before that date and still subsisting immediately before that date, unless and until the tenancy is renewed or the tenant's interest under the tenancy agreement is lawfully assigned.

(3) Subject to sections 5 to 7, in respect of any tenancy granted before the date of the commencement of this Act and still subsisting immediately before that date, the following provisions shall apply:

• (a) all the express or implied terms, provisions, covenants, and conditions of the tenancy agreement by which the tenancy was created shall continue to have the same force and effect as they had immediately before that date, except to the extent that they are inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Act (except, in the case of a fixed-term tenancy or a service tenancy, those provisions specified in subsection (2)) or are varied by agreement between the parties or by order made by the Tribunal under this Act:

• (b) any proceedings instituted in relation to the tenancy before that date may be continued and completed as if this Act had not been passed:

• (c) any notice issued before that date determining or forfeiting the tenancy shall have effect and may be enforced as if this Act had not been passed:

• (d) any process or procedure commenced before that date whereby the rent payable for the tenancy could be varied may be continued and completed, and shall have effect to vary the rent, as if this Act had not been passed, but subject to any order made by the Tribunal under section 25:

• (e) no person shall be liable in any civil or criminal proceedings by virtue of any of the provisions of this Act for anything lawfully done or lawfully omitted to be done before that date.

Where, in any proceedings before the Tribunal, any party contends that this Act does not apply in respect of any tenancy of any residential premises, it shall be for that party to establish the facts upon which it is contended that this Act does not apply.

(1) Any agreement or arrangement, or any provision of any agreement or arrangement, entered into in respect of a tenancy to which this Act applies, that is inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Act, or that purports to exclude, modify, or restrict the operation of any such provision, shall be of no effect unless—

• (a) the inconsistency, exclusion, modification, or restriction is expressly permitted by this Act; or

• (b) the Tribunal is satisfied that, having regard to the nature of the tenancy, the provisions of the tenancy agreement, the interests of the parties, and all other relevant circumstances of the case, the inconsistency, exclusion, modification, or restriction should be permitted.

(2) Subsection (1) shall not prevent a landlord from waiving voluntarily all or any of the rights and powers conferred on landlords by this Act, or from voluntarily incurring more or more extensive obligations than those that are imposed on landlords by this Act.

(3) Any purported waiver by a tenant of any right or power conferred upon tenants by this Act shall be of no effect.

(1) Each of the following is hereby declared to be an unlawful act:

• (a) discrimination against any person in respect of the grant, continuance, extension, variation, termination, or renewal of a tenancy agreement in contravention of the Human Rights Act 1993; and

• (b) the giving of an instruction or the stating of an intention in contravention of subsection (2).

(2) A landlord shall not, in respect of the grant, continuance, extension, variation, termination, or renewal of a tenancy agreement,—

• (a) instruct any person to discriminate against any other person in contravention of the Human Rights Act 1993; or

• (b) state an intention (whether by advertisement or otherwise) to discriminate against any person in contravention of that Act.

(3) Nothing in section 21(1)(k) of the Human Rights Act 1993 shall apply to the termination of a service tenancy on the ground that the tenant has ceased to be, or is about to cease to be, employed by the landlord or (where the landlord is a company) by an associated company (within the meaning of section 2(2)).

(4) In this section tenancy agreement includes a prospective tenancy agreement, regardless of whether or not a tenancy is granted.

(1) Where the circumstances are such that any person would be entitled to make an application to the Tribunal and also a complaint under the Human Rights Act 1993, that person may take one, but not both, of the following steps:

• (a) the person may invoke, in relation to those circumstances, the procedures under this Act:

• (b) the person may make, in relation to those circumstances, a complaint under the Human Rights Act 1993.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), a person makes a complaint when proceedings in relation to that complaint are commenced by the complainant or the Commission.

(1) Every tenancy agreement shall be in writing and signed by both the landlord and the tenant.

(2) The landlord shall, before the tenancy commences, provide the tenant with a copy of the tenancy agreement.

(1) Every tenancy agreement shall include the following minimum information:

• (a) the full name and contact address of the landlord; and

• (b) the full name and contact address (where that is different from the address of the premises to which the agreement relates) of the tenant; and

• (c) the address of the premises; and

• (d) the date of the tenancy agreement; and

• (e) the date of commencement of the tenancy (where that is different from the date of the tenancy agreement); and

• (f) the landlord's address for service; and

• (g) the tenant's address for service; and

• (h) whether the tenant is under the age of 18; and

• (i) the amount of any bond; and

• (j) the rent payable; and

• (k) the frequency of the rent payments; and

• (l) the place or bank account number where the rent is to be paid; and

• (m) a statement (if applicable) that the tenant shall pay any fee or other charge for services rendered by any solicitor or letting agent relating to the grant or assignment of the tenancy; and

• (n) [Repealed]

• (o) a list of any chattels provided by the landlord; and

• (p) if the tenancy is a fixed-term tenancy, the date on which the tenancy will terminate.

(2) [Repealed]

(1) For the purposes of this Act, an address for service means an address given by the landlord or tenant under this Act as an address at which notices and other documents relating to the tenancy will be accepted by or on behalf of the landlord or tenant, as the case may be.

(2) Whenever a party is required to give an address for service, the party—

• (a) must give an address of a physical place in New Zealand; and

• (b) may, in addition, specify a Post Office box number, email address, or facsimile number as one of the party’s addresses for service.

(1) Every variation of a tenancy agreement, and every renewal of a tenancy agreement, shall be in writing and signed by both the landlord and the tenant.

(2) The landlord shall, before the date on which the variation or renewal of the tenancy is to take effect, provide the tenant with a copy of the variation or renewal.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any other enactment, no tenancy agreement, or variation or renewal of a tenancy agreement, shall be unenforceable on the grounds that it is not in writing.

Sections 13 to 13B (and, in the case of a boarding house tenancy, section 66C) do not apply to any of the following:

• (a) a tenancy at will created on or immediately after the determination or expiry of a tenancy:

• (b) a tenancy agreement that was in force immediately before the date of commencement of this Act:

• (c) any variation of a tenancy agreement made by, or at the direction of, the Tribunal.

(1) A person who has attained the age of 18 years or who is or has been married or in a civil union under that age shall have the same capacity in respect of tenancy agreements, and in respect of the settlement of disputes arising in relation to tenancy agreements, as persons of full age have.

(2) Subject to subsection (3), where during a tenancy, the tenant attains the age of 18 years or marries or enters into a civil union for the first time under that age, the tenancy agreement shall thereafter have the same force and effect as it would have had if the tenant had been of full age at the time when the tenant entered into the agreement.

(3) In any case to which subsection (2) applies, the tenant may, within 10 working days after the date on which the tenant attains the age of 18 years or marries or enters into a civil union, apply to the Tribunal for an order relieving the tenant of all or any of the obligations imposed on the tenant by the agreement.

(4) Subject to subsections (1) and (2), the Tribunal shall have and may exercise, in respect of tenancy agreements, all the jurisdiction and powers conferred on the High Court or a District Court by the Minors Contracts Act 1969.

(5) Except where any proceedings are transferred to a District Court under section 83(2) or an appeal is brought under any of sections 117, 119, and 120, no court shall have jurisdiction under the Minors Contracts Act 1969 in respect of any tenancy agreement.

(1) Where, during the term of any tenancy, the landlord's or tenant's interest passes to some other person, that other person shall, within 10 working days thereafter, cause the other party to the tenancy to be notified of—

• (a) the full name and contact address of that person; and

• (b) an address for service, being the address at which notices and other documents relating to the tenancy will be accepted by or on behalf of the person.

(2) [Repealed]

(1) Where the name and contact address, or address for service, of any person has been notified to the other party to the tenancy in accordance with this Act and that name or address subsequently changes (otherwise than in circumstances to which section 15 applies), the person shall, within 10 working days thereafter, cause notice of the new particulars to be given to the other party to the tenancy.

(2) [Repealed]

(3) The obligation in subsection (1) does not apply to a contact person whose name and contact details are contained in a boarding house tenancy agreement.

(1) A landlord who is out of New Zealand for longer than 21 consecutive days must ensure that the landlord has an agent in New Zealand.

(2) A landlord who does not already have an agent and who knows that he or she will be out of New Zealand for longer than 21 consecutive days must appoint an agent before he or she departs from New Zealand.

(3) A landlord who does not already have an agent and who has been out of New Zealand for longer than 21 consecutive days must promptly appoint an agent.

(4) A landlord who appoints an agent under this section must, immediately after appointing the agent,—

• (a) notify the tenant of the agent’s name, contact address, and address for service; and

• (b) if a bond is held in respect of the tenancy, notify the chief executive in the approved form of those particulars.

(5) An agent appointed under this section has, as against the tenant, all the rights and obligations of the landlord.

(6) A contravention of any of subsections (1) to (4) is declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) This section applies to residential premises that are held in a stratum estate under the Unit Titles Act 2010.

(2) Body corporate operational rules made under the Unit Titles Act 2010 that affect a tenant of premises to which this section applies are taken to be terms of the tenancy agreement.

(3) A tenancy agreement that creates or evidences the letting of premises to which this section applies must set out a statement of the rules referred to in subsection (2).

(4) The landlord must promptly give the tenant written notice of any variation of the rules referred to in subsection (2).

(5) As soon as the tenant is notified of a variation, the terms of the tenancy agreement are taken to be varied accordingly.

(6) This section does not limit section 13A.

(1) Subject to subsection (4), no person shall, without the prior consent of the Tribunal, require the payment of key money in respect of—

• (a) the grant, continuance, extension, variation, or renewal of any tenancy agreement; or

• (b) the assignment of a tenant's interest under any tenancy agreement; or

• (c) the subletting of the whole or any part of the premises by a tenant.

(2) The Tribunal shall not give its consent under subsection (1) unless it is satisfied that, having regard to the special circumstances of the case, including the nature of the premises and any matters personal to the landlord or the tenant or the proposed assignee or the proposed subtenant, it would be fair and reasonable to allow the requirement of key money.

(3) The requiring of key money in contravention of subsection (1) is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply to any of the following:

• (a) any sum required or received for an option to enter into a tenancy agreement if the sum does not exceed 1 week's rent payable under the agreement, and, upon the option being exercised, the sum is refunded or is applied toward the rent:

• (b) any sum that the landlord is authorised by any other provision of this Act to require or receive:

• (c) any sum required to be paid by the tenant to or at the direction of the landlord in respect of any fee or other charge for services rendered by any solicitor or letting agent relating to the grant or assignment of the tenancy:

• (d) any payment of a prescribed class.

(1) A landlord shall not require payment by way of bond of an amount greater than 4 weeks' rent lawfully payable under the tenancy agreement.

(2) On the lawful increase of the rent, the landlord may require payment by way of bond of a further sum not exceeding the amount by which the rent payable for 4 weeks has been increased.

(3) On the decrease of the rent, the amount by which the total sum already paid by way of bond exceeds the rent payable for 4 weeks following the decrease shall, on application to the chief executive by the person who paid the bond, be refunded to the tenant.

(4) Requiring payment by way of bond of an amount greater than that permitted by this section is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) A landlord may not require a tenant to provide the landlord with any form of security to secure any payment or performance arising out of, or in connection with, the tenancy.

(2) A requirement made in contravention of subsection (1) is declared to be an unlawful act.

(3) In this section, security—

• (a) means—

  • (i) any interest in real or personal property; or

  • (ii) the power to exercise a right of the tenant, including the authority to cause an account to be debited (for example, without limitation, by reference to a card, such as the imprint of a credit card or a PIN number) or the means to obtain money from a third party; but

• (b) does not include—

  • (i) a payment by way of bond that is permitted under section 18; or

  • (ii) any guarantee.

(1) Where any person pays to the landlord, or to any other person on behalf of the landlord, any amount by way of bond (whether the amount is for the whole or part of the bond), the following provisions shall apply:

• (a) the person who receives the payment shall forthwith give to the payer a written receipt, signed by that person, showing—

  • (i) the address of the premises to which the payment relates; and

  • (ii) the amount and nature of the payment; and

  • (iii) the date of the payment; and

  • (iv) the name of the payer (if known to the person who receives the payment):

• (b) the landlord shall, within 23 working days after the payment is made, forward the amount received to the chief executive, together with a statement of particulars in the approved form signed by the landlord and the tenant.

(1A) Subsection (1) does not apply if a bond of 1 week’s rent or less is paid in respect of a boarding house tenancy. In that case, section 66D applies instead.

(2) Failure to issue a receipt, or to forward any amount received, in accordance with this section is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

Where a landlord forwards to the chief executive any amount paid by way of bond, the chief executive shall—

• (a) deposit the money into the Residential Tenancies Trust Account:

• (b) give to the landlord a written receipt showing—

  • (i) the address of the premises to which the payment relates; and

  • (ii) the name of the landlord; and

  • (iii) the name of the tenant; and

  • (iv) the amount and nature of the payment; and

  • (v) the date of the receipt by the chief executive of the payment:

• (c) give to the tenant a copy of the receipt issued in accordance with paragraph (b).

(1) Notwithstanding anything in section 19 or section 20, but subject to subsection (2), any amount payable by way of bond may, with the consent of the landlord, be paid direct to the chief executive.

(2) Every such payment shall be accompanied by a statement of particulars in the approved form signed by the landlord and the tenant.

(3) Where any amount payable by way of bond is paid direct to the chief executive, the chief executive shall—

• (a) deposit the money into the Residential Tenancies Trust Account:

• (b) give to the tenant a written receipt showing—

  • (i) the address of the premises to which the payment relates; and

  • (ii) the name of the landlord; and

  • (iii) the name of the tenant; and

  • (iv) the amount and nature of the payment; and

  • (v) the date of the receipt by the chief executive of the payment:

• (c) give to the landlord a copy of the receipt issued in accordance with paragraph (b).

(1) Where a bond is being held in the Residential Tenancies Trust Account in respect of a tenancy agreement and the landlord or tenant changes his or her name or contact address or address for service, the landlord or the tenant, as the case may be, shall, within 10 working days thereafter, cause notice of the new particulars to be sent to the chief executive.

(2) Where a bond is being held in the Residential Tenancies Trust Account in respect of a tenancy agreement and the landlord's or the tenant's interest under the tenancy agreement passes to some other person, that other person shall, within 10 working days thereafter, cause notice of the new particulars to be sent to the chief executive.

(1) This section applies if—

• (a) at any time a landlord or a tenant applies in the approved form for payment of a bond, or part of a bond; and

• (b) the application is made—

  • (i) with the agreement of the other party; or

  • (ii) in favour of the other party.

(2) The chief executive must pay the bond (or, as the case requires, part of the bond) in accordance with the terms of the application.

(1) This section applies to an application in the approved form for payment of a bond, or part of a bond, made by a party (party A) without the agreement of the other party (party B).

(2) The application may be made at any time after the termination of the tenancy if party A is the tenant, but must be made within 2 months of the termination of the tenancy if party A is the landlord.

(3) On receiving the application, the chief executive must notify party B of the application and invite party B to indicate, within 10 working days after being notified, whether or not party B wishes to contest the application.

(4) An indication by party B must be in writing, unless the chief executive waives that requirement.

(5) If party B indicates that he or she wishes to contest the application, the chief executive must tell the parties how to apply to the Tribunal for a determination of the dispute.

(6) If party B does not respond to the invitation to indicate whether or not party B wishes to contest the application, the chief executive must—

• (a) pay the bond (or, as the case requires, part of the bond) in accordance with the application; or

• (b) decline to make a decision and tell the parties how to apply to the Tribunal for a determination.

(7) If party B agrees to the application, the chief executive must pay the bond (or, as the case requires, part of the bond) in accordance with the application.

(1) If there is a dispute between the parties as to the payment of a bond, either party may apply to the Tribunal for an order determining to whom the bond, or any part of it, is to be paid.

(2) If the tenant applies to the Tribunal and the landlord seeks payment of the bond in whole or in part, the landlord must file an application with the Tribunal that sets out the landlord’s counterclaim.

(3) If, more than 2 months after the termination of a tenancy, the landlord seeks payment of a bond held in respect of that tenancy but does not have the agreement of the tenant, the landlord may apply to the Tribunal for an order determining to whom the bond, or any part of it, is to be paid.

(4) If the chief executive is satisfied that a tenancy has terminated and no application for payment of a bond, or part of a bond, has been made within a reasonable time, the chief executive may apply to the Tribunal for an order determining to whom the bond, or any part of it, is to be paid.

(5) If the Tribunal makes an order concerning the payment of a bond, or part of a bond, the chief executive must make the payment in accordance with the terms of the order.

The chief executive must make any payments of a bond under section 22, 22A, or 22B out of the Residential Tenancies Trust Account.

(1) The chief executive may take any steps that the chief executive considers reasonable in the circumstances to refund a bond held by the chief executive if the chief executive believes on reasonable grounds that—

• (a) the tenancy to which the bond relates has terminated and no claim is made for the bond within 2 months of the termination; or

• (b) an application for the refund of the bond has been approved but the bond money has not been collected within 2 months of the approval.

(2) The steps that the chief executive takes under subsection (1) may include the publication of 1 or more of the following:

• (a) the name of the person to whom the bond is to be refunded if the circumstances described in subsection (1)(b) apply:

• (b) the name of the tenant in whose name the bond is held:

• (c) the amount, or approximate amount, of the bond:

• (d) the location of the premises to which the bond relates.

(3) To avoid doubt, this section applies to all bond money held by the chief executive, whenever it is received.

(1) In this section, unless the context otherwise requires,—

(2) The purpose of this section is to facilitate the disclosure of address information by Social Welfare to the department to enable the chief executive to locate persons who are entitled to bonds to which section 22D(1) applies and that the chief executive continues to hold despite previous attempts to refund them.

(3) If the chief executive is satisfied that reasonable steps have been taken, under section 22D, to refund a bond but that those steps have not been successful, the chief executive may, for the purposes of this section, request Social Welfare, in accordance with arrangements made with the chief executive of Social Welfare,—

• (a) to ascertain whether Social Welfare holds any address information about any person entitled to the bond who is named in the request; and

• (b) if that is the case, to supply that information to the department.

(4) On receipt of a request made under subsection (3), Social Welfare may supply the information requested to any officer or employee of the department who is authorised to receive that information.

(1) A landlord shall not require the payment of any rent—

• (a) more than 2 weeks in advance; or

• (b) before the expiry of the period for which rent has been paid already.

(2) Where, in the case of a service tenancy or of any other tenancy where the landlord is the employer of the tenant,—

• (a) the landlord, by agreement with the tenant or pursuant to or in accordance with any enactment, regularly deducts from the tenant's pay for a standard pay period the amount of rent payable by the tenant for any standard rental period; and

• (b) no such regular deduction is such as to constitute a contravention of subsection (1); and

• (c) because of a forthcoming holiday period or for any other special reason, the landlord pays the tenant for a period longer than the standard pay period,—

the landlord may, notwithstanding subsection (1), deduct from the amount so paid the amount of rent payable by the tenant for any period longer than the standard rental period so long as the proportion of pay so deducted on account of rent does not exceed the proportion of pay regularly deducted.

(3) A landlord shall not require any payment of rent to be made by postdated cheque or other similar postdated order.

(4) The requirement of the payment of rent in contravention of this section is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) The rent payable in respect of any tenancy may be increased by the landlord provided all of the following conditions are complied with:

• (a) the landlord shall give the tenant notice in writing of the increase; and

• (b) that notice shall specify the amount of the increased rent and the day upon which the increased rent shall become payable; and

• (c) the day upon which the increased rent shall become payable shall be not less than 60 days (or, in the case of a boarding house tenancy, not less than 28 days) after the date on which that notice is given; and

• (d) the rent shall not be increased within 180 days after the date on which the last increase took effect; and

• (e) in the case of a tenancy which is not subject to annual rent adjustment, the rent shall not be increased within 180 days after the date of the commencement of the tenancy; and

• (f) in the case of a tenancy which is subject to annual rent adjustment, no rent increase shall take effect—

  • (i) less than 60 days (or, in the case of a boarding house tenancy, 28 days) after the notice required by paragraph (a) is given; and

  • (ii) other than on the specified date in any year or with effect on the next day on which any rent is to be paid within 28 days after the specified date in any year; and

• (g) a landlord under a fixed-term tenancy—

  • (i) may not increase the rent during the term of the tenancy unless permitted by the provisions of the tenancy agreement to do so; and

  • (ii) may do so only in accordance with this section and any such provisions of the tenancy agreement; and

• (h) where the Tribunal has made an order under section 25 and that order is still in force, the rent shall not be increased to an amount in excess of the amount specified in the order.

(1A) The provisions referred to in subsection (1)(g) may take the form of the provisions set out in Schedule 1.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a tenancy is subject to annual rent adjustment where—

• (a) it is the landlord's practice (the proof of which shall lie on the landlord)—

  • (i) to review the rent annually; and

  • (ii) to adjust the rent on a specified day in each year; and

• (b) provision to that effect is included in the tenancy agreement or the tenant is otherwise informed of the practice in writing before the commencement of the tenancy.

(3) A notice of an increase in rent lawfully given under this section shall, unless it is withdrawn by the landlord, have the effect of varying the tenancy agreement in accordance with the terms of the notice.

(4) Where a landlord has given a notice to increase the rent and subsequently realises that, because of—

• (a) some error in calculating the day on which the increased rent is to become payable or in the manner in which that day is expressed in the notice; or

• (b) some delay in serving the notice,—

the day fixed in the notice for the increased rent to become payable is in contravention of subsection (1), the landlord may, with the agreement of the tenant or (failing such agreement) with the consent of the Tribunal, give to the tenant a further notice varying the original notice so as to bring the terms of the original notice into accord with the provisions of that subsection.

(5) Every notice given under subsection (4) shall be in writing, specifying the amount of the increased rent and the day upon which the increased rent shall become payable.

(6) The Tribunal shall not give its consent under subsection (4) unless it is satisfied—

• (a) that the error or the delay was inadvertent; and

• (b) that the landlord has sought to correct the matter as soon as practicable; and

• (c) that it would not be unfair to the tenant to allow the original notice to be varied in the manner proposed.

If the parties to a tenancy agree that, during a specified period or until the occurrence of a specified event, the tenant is entitled to pay a lower rent,—

• (a) the agreement is a variation of the tenancy agreement to which sections 13B and 13C apply; and

• (b) on the expiry of the period or the occurrence of the event, the rent payable before the variation is reinstated; and

• (c) that reinstatement does not constitute a rent increase.

(1) On an application made to it at any time by the tenant, the Tribunal may, in accordance with the succeeding provisions of this section, on being satisfied that the rent payable or to become payable for the tenancy exceeds the market rent by a substantial amount, make an order reducing the rent to an amount, to be specified in the order, that is in line with the market rent.

(2) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (1), no application may be made under that subsection in respect of the rent payable under a fixed-term tenancy later than 3 months after—

• (a) the date of the commencement of the tenancy or (in the case of a tenancy that was subsisting immediately before commencement of this Act) the date of the commencement of this Act; or

• (b) the date of the last review of rent,—

whichever is the later.

(2A) Despite subsection (2), a tenant who is a party to a fixed term tenancy of premises held in a stratum estate under the Unit Titles Act 2010 may apply under subsection (1) within 3 months after the tenant is notified of a change or otherwise becomes aware of a change in the body corporate operational rules made under that Act, if that change affects the tenant.

(3) For the purposes of this Act, the market rent for any tenancy shall be the rent that, without regard to the personal circumstances of the landlord or the tenant, a willing landlord might reasonably expect to receive and a willing tenant might reasonably expect to pay for the tenancy, taking into consideration the general level of rents (other than income-related rents within the meaning of section 42(1) of the Housing Restructuring and Tenancy Matters Act 1992) for comparable tenancies of comparable premises in the locality or in similar localities and such other matters as the Tribunal considers relevant.

(4) An order made under this section shall take effect on and from a date to be specified in the order, which may be the date of the order or any earlier or later date, but being no earlier than the date of the application for the order and no later than 30 days after the date of the order.

(1) Subject to the succeeding provisions of this section, every order made by the Tribunal under section 25 shall continue in force—

• (a) in the case of a periodic tenancy, for a period of 6 months or such shorter period as the Tribunal may specify in the order; or

• (b) in the case of a fixed-term tenancy, for such period as the Tribunal may specify in the order.

(2) The Tribunal may at any time, on the application of the landlord or the tenant, rehear any application made under section 25 if, in respect of any order made on that application, the Tribunal is satisfied that—

• (a) the order was procured by fraud or other dishonest conduct; or

• (b) the Tribunal, in making the order, took into account any misleading or irrelevant evidence; or

• (c) new and material evidence is available; or

• (d) by any error or omission, an injustice has been occasioned by the order.

(1) Where the Tribunal makes an order under section 25, the landlord shall not, in respect of any period during which the order is in force, require the payment of any sum by way of rent in excess of the amount specified by the Tribunal in the order.

(2) Requiring the payment of any amount by way of rent in contravention of subsection (1) is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(3) No amount by way of rent in excess of the amount so specified in any such order shall be payable or recoverable in respect of any period during which the order is in force.

(4) Where the Tribunal is satisfied that the landlord of any residential premises has received any amount by way of rent that, by virtue of subsection (3), was not lawfully payable, it shall order that the whole of that amount be refunded by the landlord to the tenant, except to the extent (if any) that the Tribunal considers, having regard to the special circumstances of the case, it would be unjust to require such a refund in full.

(5) Where the Tribunal makes an order under subsection (4) for the refund of any amount to the tenant of any residential premises, the tenant shall be entitled, in addition to any other remedy that the tenant may have, to deduct the whole or any part of the amount to be refunded from any sum that may become payable by the tenant to the landlord under the tenancy agreement at any time within 1 year after the date of the order.

(1) The landlord and the tenant may agree to increase the rent if the landlord has, with the consent of the tenant,—

• (a) made substantial improvements to the premises (not being general or necessary repairs) that increase the value of the premises and constitute a material benefit to the tenant:

• (b) increased or improved the facilities or services (other than general or necessary repairs) provided for the tenant:

• (c) agreed to a variation in the terms of the tenancy that benefits the tenant.

(2) If the tenant does not agree to the increase proposed by the landlord, the landlord may apply to the Tribunal for an order increasing the rent.

(3) The Tribunal may, on an application under subsection (2), make an order increasing the rent by any amount the Tribunal thinks fit, if the Tribunal is satisfied that (except for the absence of agreement on increasing the rent) subsection (1) applies to the tenancy.

The Tribunal may, on application by the landlord, make an order increasing the rent by any amount the Tribunal thinks fit if the landlord—

• (a) has incurred expenses in respect of the premises; and

• (b) the nature or the amount of those expenses could not reasonably have been foreseen when the rent was last fixed.

(1) An increase of rent agreed or ordered under section 28 or 28A does not affect the dates on which the rent may otherwise be reviewed or increased.

(2) An increase of rent agreed or ordered under section 28 or 28A during the currency of any order made by the Tribunal under section 25—

• (a) does not affect the expiry date of that order; and

• (b) is to be treated as an amendment of that order.

(3) Sections 28 and 28A override sections 24 and 26.

(1) Subject to subsection (3), every person who receives any rent payable under or in respect of any tenancy agreement shall give or cause to be given to the person paying the rent a written receipt bearing—

• (a) the address of the premises, or an appropriate code or reference to identify the premises to which the payment relates; and

• (b) the amount and nature of the payment; and

• (c) the date of the payment; and

• (d) the name (if known) of the person who made the payment.

(2) The receipt shall be given to the person paying the rent—

• (a) forthwith, where payment is made in cash; or

• (b) within 72 hours after payment, in any other case.

(3) On the written request of the tenant, the landlord shall also give to the tenant a written statement of the period to which any payment of rent relates.

(4) Nothing in subsection (1) shall apply—

• (a) to any rent paid out of a bank account in the name of the tenant by automatic payment through the bank or by way of a non-negotiable personal cheque or other similar non-negotiable instrument drawn on that account; or

• (b) to any rent paid by the tenant into any account nominated by the landlord and operated by the landlord exclusively in respect of the tenancy, or exclusively in respect of the tenancy and any other tenancies of the landlord; or

• (c) to any rent paid by way of deduction from the tenant's pay, or from any benefit to which the tenant is entitled under the Social Security Act 1964, and paid into a bank account nominated by the landlord.

(5) Failure to give a receipt or written statement in accordance with this section is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) Every landlord under a tenancy to which this Act applies shall keep or cause to be kept proper business records showing—

• (a) all payments of rent paid by or on behalf of the tenant, sufficient to enable the landlord to comply within a reasonable time with any request made by the tenant under section 29(3); and

• (b) any amount by way of bond paid by or on behalf of the tenant on or after 1 May 1996.

(2) Failure to keep records in accordance with this section is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) The rent payable under a tenancy agreement shall accrue from day to day.

(2) Upon termination of the tenancy, the rent shall be apportioned accordingly, and the appropriate amount shall be payable or recoverable forthwith.

(1) Any provision in a tenancy agreement to the effect that, on breach by the tenant of any term of the agreement or of any of the provisions of this Act or of any other enactment, the tenant shall be liable to pay—

• (a) the whole or any part of the rent remaining payable under the agreement; or

• (b) rent of an increased amount; or

• (c) a sum specified in the agreement by way of damages or penalty,—

shall be of no effect.

(2) Any provision in a tenancy agreement to the effect that, if the tenant does not breach any term of the agreement or any of the provisions of this Act or of any other enactment, the rent shall or may be reduced or the tenant shall or may be granted or paid a rebate, refund, or other benefit, shall be construed as entitling the tenant to that reduction, rebate, refund, or other benefit in any event.

(3) This section does not preclude a provision in a tenancy agreement requiring one party (the debtor) to reimburse the other party (the creditor) for any reasonable expenses or commissions paid or incurred by the creditor in recovering, or attempting to recover, any overdue payment that the debtor owes to the creditor under an order of the Tribunal.

(1) The landlord shall not be entitled to seize or dispose of any of the tenant's goods—

• (a) as security for or in payment of any amount owing by way of rent; or

• (b) for any other reason arising from the tenancy.

(2) Seizing or disposing of any goods in contravention of subsection (1) is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(3) Nothing in this section shall limit or affect the way in which any order of the Tribunal, or of any court on appeal from the Tribunal, may be enforced.

(4) Nothing in this section applies to—

• (a) goods disposed of under any of sections 62 to 62C; or

• (b) foodstuffs and other perishable goods if the landlord has reasonable cause to believe that the premises have been abandoned by the tenant.

The landlord shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that, at the commencement of the tenancy, there is no legal impediment to the occupation of the premises for residential purposes.

(1) The tenant shall have vacant possession of the premises on the date on which, in accordance with the tenancy agreement, the tenant is entitled to enter into occupation of the premises.

(2) In this section premises does not include facilities.

(1) The tenant shall be entitled to have quiet enjoyment of the premises without interruption by the landlord or any person claiming by, through, or under the landlord or having superior title to that of the landlord.

(2) The landlord shall not cause or permit any interference with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of the tenant in the use of the premises by the tenant.

(3) Contravention of subsection (2) in circumstances that amount to harassment of the tenant is hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(4) In this section premises includes facilities.

(1) The landlord is responsible for all outgoings in respect of the premises that—

• (a) are incurred whether or not the premises are occupied; and

• (b) are incurred for common facilities.

(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the landlord is responsible for the cost of—

• (a) the general rate (within the meaning of section 13 of the Local Government (Rating) Act 2002) payable in respect of the premises; and

• (b) insurance premiums payable in respect of the premises; and

• (c) any body corporate levies payable in respect of the premises.

(3) The tenant is responsible for all outgoings in respect of the premises that are exclusively attributable to the tenant’s occupation of the premises or to the tenant’s use of the facilities.

(4) Without limiting the generality of subsection (3), the tenant is responsible for the following charges, incurred during the tenancy, in respect of the premises:

• (a) electricity and gas:

• (b) telephone and Internet:

• (c) supply of water if the water supplier charges for water provided to the premises on the basis of consumption.

(5) In this section, premises includes facilities that are exclusively for the use of the tenant.

(1) The tenant shall—

• (a) pay the rent as and when it is due and payable under the tenancy agreement; and

• (b) ensure that the premises are occupied principally for residential purposes; and

• (c) keep the premises reasonably clean and reasonably tidy; and

• (d) notify the landlord, as soon as possible after discovery, of any damage to the premises, or of the need for any repairs; and

• (e) on the termination of the tenancy,—

  • (i) quit the premises; and

  • (ii) remove all his or her goods from the premises; and

  • (iii) leave the premises in a reasonably clean and reasonably tidy condition, and remove or arrange for the removal from the premises of all rubbish; and

  • (iv) return to the landlord all keys, and security or pass cards or other such devices, provided by the landlord for the use of the tenant; and

  • (v) leave in or at the premises all other chattels provided by the landlord for the use of the tenant.

(2) The tenant shall not—

• (a) intentionally or carelessly damage, or permit any other person to damage, the premises; or

• (ab) cause or permit any interference with, or render inoperative, any means of escape from fire within the meaning of the Building Act 2004; or

• (b) use the premises, or permit the premises to be used, for any unlawful purpose; or

• (c) cause or permit any interference with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of any of the landlord's other tenants in the use of the premises occupied by those other tenants, or with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of any other person residing in the neighbourhood.

(3) Where the tenancy agreement specifies a maximum number of persons that may ordinarily reside in the premises during the tenancy, the tenant shall ensure that no more than that number ordinarily reside in the premises at any time during the tenancy.

(3A) The following are declared to be unlawful acts:

• (a) a failure, without reasonable excuse, to quit the premises in contravention of subsection (1)(e)(i):

• (b) a contravention of subsection (2)(ab):

• (c) a contravention of subsection (2)(b):

• (d) a contravention of subsection (2)(c) in circumstances that amount to harassment of a tenant or a neighbour of the tenant:

• (e) a contravention, without reasonable excuse, of subsection (3).

(4) Where any damage (other than fair wear and tear) to the premises is proved to have occurred during any tenancy to which this Act applies, it shall be for the tenant to prove that the damage did not occur in circumstances constituting a breach of subsection (2)(a).

(5) In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, premises includes facilities.

(1) The tenant shall be responsible for anything done or omitted to be done by any person (other than the landlord or any person acting on the landlord's behalf or with the landlord's authority) who is in the premises with the tenant's permission if the act or omission would have constituted a breach of the tenancy agreement had it been the act or omission of the tenant.

(2) Where any person (other than the landlord or any person acting on the landlord's behalf or with the landlord's authority) intentionally or carelessly damages the premises while the tenant is in the premises, it shall be presumed that the tenant permitted that person to be in the premises unless the tenant proves that he or she took all reasonable steps to prevent that person from entering the premises or (as the case may require) to eject that person from the premises.

(1) The tenant shall not affix any fixture to the premises, or make any renovation, alteration, or addition of or to the premises, except—

• (a) in accordance with the tenancy agreement; or

• (b) with the prior written consent of the landlord.

(2) The landlord shall not withhold that consent unreasonably.

(3) The tenant may, at any time before the expiry of the tenancy, remove any fixture that the tenant has affixed to the premises during the term of the tenancy, unless the removal would cause irreparable damage to the premises.

(4) Any fixtures affixed by the tenant to the premises but not removed by the tenant on the expiry of the tenancy become the property of the landlord.

(5) Despite subsection (4), the tenant may remove any fixtures on or after the expiry of the tenancy if the tenant—

• (a) does so in accordance with an agreement or arrangement reached with the landlord; or

• (b) reasonably believes that he or she is entitled to do so because of anything the landlord has said or done.

(6) If, on removing any fixture, the tenant causes any damage to the premises, the tenant must inform the landlord immediately and, at the landlord’s option, either repair the damage or compensate the landlord for any reasonable expenses incurred by the landlord in repairing the damage.

(1) Where the landlord disposes of his or her interest in the premises to any other person (in this section referred to as the purchaser), the following provisions shall apply:

• (a) the landlord shall give to the tenant written notice of the disposition, including the name and contact address of the purchaser so far as those particulars are known to the landlord:

• (b) until that notice is received by the tenant, the tenant shall not be obliged to pay any rent to the purchaser, and shall not be liable to the purchaser in any proceedings in respect of any sum paid to the landlord on account of rent:

• (c) from and after the date on which the tenant receives that notice, or such later date as may be specified in the notice, the tenant shall pay to the purchaser all sums due and payable by way of rent in respect of any period commencing after that date:

• (d) subject to any lawful claim made to the Tribunal before the date of settlement, the landlord's interest in any bond paid by the tenant shall pass to the purchaser on the earlier of the date of settlement or the date of possession.

(2) Nothing in subsection (1)(a) shall absolve the purchaser from the obligation imposed on the purchaser by section 15.

(1) There may be included in a tenancy agreement a provision that expressly and unconditionally prohibits the tenant from assigning, subletting, or parting with possession of the premises during the term of the tenancy.

(2) In the absence of such a provision, the tenant may at any time during the tenancy assign, sublet, or otherwise part with possession of the premises with the prior written consent of the landlord and in accordance with any conditions attached to that consent by the landlord.

(2A) A tenant commits an unlawful act if he or she assigns, sublets, or otherwise parts with possession of the premises—

• (a) in contravention of a provision of the kind described in subsection (1); or

• (b) in any other case, without the prior written consent of the landlord.

(3) The landlord shall not withhold that consent unreasonably, nor attach any unreasonable conditions to it.

(4) Without limiting subsection (3), a landlord's consent shall be taken to have been withheld unreasonably if the withholding of the consent is an unlawful act under section 12.

(5) On giving consent to any assignment, subletting, or parting with possession of the premises by the tenant, the landlord shall be entitled to recover from the tenant any expenses reasonably incurred by the landlord in respect of the proposed transaction.

(6) Where a tenant assigns his or her interest under the tenancy agreement to any other person with the consent of the landlord and in accordance with any conditions attached to that consent by the landlord, the tenant shall, on the date on which the assignment takes effect, cease to be responsible to the landlord for the obligations imposed on the tenant by the agreement and this Act, but without prejudice to any liability already incurred by the tenant to the landlord in respect of anything done or omitted to be done before that date.

(1) The landlord shall—

• (a) provide the premises in a reasonable state of cleanliness; and

• (b) provide and maintain the premises in a reasonable state of repair having regard to the age and character of the premises and the period during which the premises are likely to remain habitable and available for residential purposes; and

• (c) comply with all requirements in respect of buildings, health, and safety under any enactment so far as they apply to the premises; and

• (ca) if the premises do not have a reticulated water supply, provide adequate means for the collection and storage of water; and

• (d) compensate the tenant for any reasonable expenses incurred by the tenant in repairing the premises where—

  • (i) the state of disrepair has arisen otherwise than as a result of a breach of the tenancy agreement by the tenant and is likely to cause injury to persons or property or is otherwise serious and urgent; and

  • (ii) the tenant has given the landlord notice of the state of disrepair or made a reasonable attempt to do so; and

• (e) take all reasonable steps to ensure that none of the landlord's other tenants causes or permits any interference with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of the tenant in the use of the premises.

(1A) Failure by the landlord to comply with any of paragraphs (a) to (ca) of subsection (1) is declared to be an unlawful act.

(2) The landlord shall not interfere with the supply of gas, electricity, water, telephone services, or other services to the premises, except where the interference is necessary to avoid danger to any person or to enable maintenance or repairs to be carried out.

(2A) A contravention by the landlord of subsection (2) is declared to be an unlawful act.

(3) The provisions of subsection (1) shall apply notwithstanding that the tenant has notice of the state of the premises at the time at which the tenancy agreement is entered into.

(4) Nothing in subsection (1) shall impose upon the landlord any obligation to repair any damage, or compensate the tenant for any want of repair, arising out of any breach by the tenant of any obligation imposed on tenants by section 40.

(5) In this section premises includes facilities.

(1) The landlord shall provide and maintain such locks and other similar devices as are necessary to ensure that the premises are reasonably secure.

(2) Neither the landlord nor the tenant shall alter any existing lock or similar device, or add to or remove from the premises any lock or similar device, without the consent of the other given at the time that, or a reasonable time before, the alteration, removal, or addition is carried out.

(3) Failure to comply with subsection (1), and contravention of subsection (2), without reasonable excuse, is each hereby declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) If, at any time after entering into a tenancy agreement, the landlord puts the premises on the market for the purposes of sale or other disposition, the landlord shall forthwith give written notice of that fact to the tenant.

(2) When a landlord is offering residential premises as available for letting, the landlord shall inform prospective tenants if the premises are on the market for the purposes of sale or other disposition.

(1) The landlord shall not enter the premises during the currency of the tenancy agreement, except—

• (a) with the consent of the tenant freely given at, or immediately before, the time of entry; or

• (b) in any of the circumstances described in subsection (2) or subsection (3).

(2) The landlord may enter the premises—

• (a) in any case of emergency; or

• (b) for the purpose of inspecting the premises, at any time between 8 o'clock in the morning and 7 o'clock in the evening on a day specified in a notice given to the tenant not less than 48 hours nor more than 14 days before the intended entry, and not more frequently than once in any period of 4 weeks; or

• (c) for the purpose of determining whether or not—

  • (i) the tenant has, within the period allowed by the landlord, completed satisfactorily any work required by the landlord to be done by the tenant to remedy any breach by the tenant of any of the provisions of the tenancy agreement or of this Act; or

  • (ii) the tenant has, within the agreed period, completed satisfactorily any work agreed to be done by the tenant,—

  at any time between 8 o'clock in the morning and 7 o'clock in the evening on any day (after the expiry of the period allowed for the work) specified in a notice given to the tenant not less than 48 hours nor more than 14 days before the intended entry; or

• (d) for the purpose of carrying out necessary repairs to or necessary maintenance of, the premises, at any time between 8 o'clock in the morning and 7 o'clock in the evening of any day, after giving to the tenant notice of the intended entry and the reason for it at least 24 hours before the intended entry; or

• (da) for the purpose of providing services agreed to under the tenancy agreement, but only if the entry complies with any conditions specified in the tenancy agreement; or

• (e) pursuant to an order of the Tribunal.

(3) With the prior consent of the tenant, the landlord may enter the premises at any reasonable time for the purpose of showing the premises—

• (a) to prospective tenants; or

• (b) to prospective purchasers; or

• (c) to a registered valuer engaged in the preparation of a report on the premises; or

• (d) to a real estate agent engaged in appraising, evaluating, or selling or otherwise disposing of the premises; or

• (e) to an expert engaged in appraising or evaluating the premises; or

• (f) to a person who is authorised to inspect the premises under any enactment.

(3A) For the purposes of subsection (3), the tenant—

• (a) may not withhold his or her consent unreasonably; and

• (b) may make the consent subject to any reasonable conditions.

(4) The following are each hereby declared to be unlawful acts:

• (a) entry upon the premises by the landlord other than as permitted by or under any of subsections (1) to (3):

• (b) failure by the tenant, without reasonable excuse, to allow the landlord to enter upon the premises in any circumstances in which the landlord is entitled to enter under subsection (2) or subsection (3).

(5) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (2) or subsection (3) or subsection (4), the landlord shall not use force or the threat of force to enter or attempt to enter the premises while the tenant, or any other person with the permission of the tenant, is in the premises.

(6) Every landlord who breaches subsection (5) commits an offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $2,000.

(7) In this section premises does not include land or facilities.

(8) Nothing in this section shall apply in respect of any tenancy granted by the Armed Forces to any person subject to the Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971.

Where any party to a tenancy agreement breaches any of the provisions of the agreement or of this Act, the other party shall take all reasonable steps to limit the damage or loss arising from that breach, in accordance with the rules of law relating to mitigation of loss or damage upon breach of contract.

Subject in the case of a subtenancy to section 57, no tenancy to which this Act applies shall terminate or be terminated otherwise than as follows:

• (a) in the case of a fixed-term tenancy, on the expiry of the term of the tenancy or, if any of sections 58(1)(d), (da), 59, or 59A apply, by giving notice in accordance with the applicable section:

• (ab) on the death of a sole tenant under a tenancy agreement or a sole tenant under a boarding house tenancy agreement, in accordance with section 50A or 66W, as the case requires:

• (b) by the giving of notice of a period no shorter than that required by this Act, in the case of a periodic tenancy or where provision is made in the tenancy agreement for termination by notice:

• (c) where the tenant acquires the landlord's interest in the premises:

• (d) where the tenant surrenders the tenancy, or delivers up vacant possession of the premises, to the landlord with the landlord's written consent:

• (e) by disclaimer, by any person having lawful power to disclaim:

• (f) by order of the Tribunal pursuant to the powers conferred on it by this Act.

(1) On the death of a sole tenant under a tenancy agreement (whether for a fixed-term tenancy or a periodic tenancy), the tenancy agreement terminates on the earliest of the following dates:

• (a) the date that is the 21st day after the date on which the personal representative of the tenant or a person who is the tenant’s next of kin gives the landlord written notice of the death of the tenant:

• (b) the date that is the 21st day after the landlord gives the personal representative of the tenant or a person who is the tenant’s next of kin written notice to vacate the premises that are the subject of the tenancy agreement:

• (c) the date that is agreed in writing by the landlord with the personal representative of the tenant or with a person who is the tenant’s next of kin:

• (d) the date determined as the termination date of the tenancy agreement by the Tribunal on the application of the landlord under subsection (2).

(2) If a landlord is unable to give notice to vacate under subsection (1)(b), the landlord may apply, without notice, to the Tribunal for an order to terminate the tenancy.

(1) Subject to sections 52, 53, 53A, 59, and 59A, the minimum period of notice required to be given by a landlord to terminate a tenancy shall be as follows:

• (a) where the owner of the premises requires the premises as the principal place of residence for the owner or any member of that owner’s family, 42 days:

• (b) where the landlord customarily uses the premises, or has acquired the premises, for occupation by employees of the landlord, that fact being clearly stated in the tenancy agreement, and the premises are required for occupation by such an employee, 42 days:

• (c) where the owner is required, under an unconditional agreement for the sale of the premises, to give the purchaser vacant possession, 42 days:

• (d) in any other case, 90 days.

(2) Subject to sections 52 to 53A, 59, and 59A, the minimum period of notice required to be given by a tenant to terminate a tenancy shall be 21 days, in any case.

(3) Every notice to terminate a tenancy shall—

• (a) be in writing; and

• (b) identify the premises to which it relates; and

• (c) specify the date by which the tenant is to vacate the premises; and

• (ca) in any case where the tenant is given less than 90 days’ notice, set out the reasons for the termination; and

• (d) be signed by the party giving the notice, or by that party's agent.

(4) In a notice to terminate a tenancy, no special form of words shall be required; and no such notice shall be held invalid for any failure to comply strictly with the requirements of subsection (3) so long as the notice is in writing, the intention to terminate the tenancy on a particular date or on the expiry of a particular period is stated clearly in the notice, and that any non-compliance is not such as to mislead or affect unjustly the interests of the recipient.

(5) A notice to terminate a tenancy may be given on any day, and the period of notice may be expressed to expire on any day, regardless of the date on which the tenancy commenced or of any date on which any rent is to be paid.

(6) A party who has given an effective notice to terminate a tenancy—

• (a) may, at any time before the expiry of the period of notice, revoke the notice with the consent of the other party; but

• (b) may give a further notice to terminate the tenancy only if the prior notice is revoked.

(7) Where a party has given a notice to terminate the tenancy and subsequently realises that, because of—

• (a) some error in the way in which the period of the notice or the date of the expiry of that period is expressed in the notice; or

• (b) some delay in serving the notice,—

the period of notice given is less than the minimum prescribed by subsection (1) or (as the case may require) subsection (2), that party may, with the agreement of the other party or (failing such agreement) with the consent of the Tribunal, give to the other party a further notice varying the first notice so as to bring the period of notice given up to or above that minimum so required.

(8) Every notice given under subsection (7) shall comply with the requirements of subsection (3).

(9) The Tribunal shall not give its consent under subsection (7) unless it is satisfied—

• (a) that the error in the notice or the delay in serving the notice was inadvertent; and

• (b) that the party who gave the notice has sought to correct the matter as soon as practicable after realising that the period of notice given is inadequate; and

• (c) that it would not be unfair to the other party to allow the original notice to be varied in the manner proposed.

With the consent of the Tribunal, the parties to a tenancy agreement may provide for the termination of the tenancy by the giving of notice of a specified period (being less than that required by section 51), or on the happening of any event to be specified in the agreement, or where the landlord requires possession of the premises for any purpose to be specified in the agreement.

(1) The landlord or the tenant must give a minimum period of notice of 14 days to terminate a service tenancy if the contract of service or, as the case requires, the contract for services has been terminated or either party has given notice to terminate that contract (subject to subsections (2) to (7)).

(2) Where the contract of service or, as the case requires, contract for services is terminated, or the tenant is transferred to another district, on less than 14 days' notice, the landlord may terminate the service tenancy by the giving of notice of less than 14 days if—

• (a) the landlord believes on reasonable grounds that the tenant will cause substantial damage to the premises if the tenant is permitted to remain for 14 days; or

• (b) it is necessary for the conduct of the landlord's business where the tenant was employed that a replacement employee be appointed within less than 14 days and no suitable alternative accommodation is available for the replacement worker during the period of 14 days.

(3) No notice under this section shall have effect to terminate a service tenancy on a date preceding the date on which the termination of the contract of service or, as the case requires, contract for services or the transfer of the employee takes effect.

(4) Where the tenant of a service tenancy dies leaving any dependant residing in the premises, the minimum period of notice required to be given by the landlord to terminate the tenancy shall, subject to subsection (5), be 14 days.

(5) In any case to which subsection (4) applies, the landlord may terminate the tenancy by the giving of notice of less than 14 days, but not less than 5 days, if it is necessary for the conduct of the landlord's business at the place of business where the tenant was employed that a replacement employee be appointed within less than 14 days and no suitable alternative accommodation is available for the replacement worker during the period of 14 days.

(5A) Section 50A does not limit subsection (4) or (5).

(6) Without limiting anything in subsections (2) to (5), in respect of a service tenancy granted by the Armed Forces to any person subject to the Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971, the landlord may terminate the tenancy by giving less than 14 days' notice if the operational requirements of the Armed Forces so require.

(7) In any proceedings before the Tribunal in which the validity of a notice purporting to have been given under this section is in issue, the following provisions shall apply:

• (a) whether the contract of service or, as the case requires, contract for services was or was not terminated shall be a question of fact to be determined by the Tribunal, but the Tribunal shall not be concerned with the lawfulness or otherwise of that termination:

• (b) it shall be for the landlord to establish to the satisfaction of the Tribunal the matters referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (2), and in subsection (5):

• (c) in the case of a service tenancy granted by the Armed Forces to any person subject to the Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971, a certificate by the Secretary of Defence to the effect that operational requirements necessitated the giving of notice of less than 14 days shall be accepted by the Tribunal as conclusive proof of that matter.

(1) In this section, student tenancy means a tenancy to which this Act applies that is granted by an institution (as defined in section 159(1) of the Education Act 1989) to a person who is eligible to be a tenant by virtue of the person being—

• (a) a student; or

• (b) a student of a particular educational institution.

(2) The landlord of a student tenancy, or the tenant of a student tenancy, may terminate the tenancy on 14 days’ notice if the tenant ceases to be eligible to be granted the tenancy.

(3) In any proceedings before the Tribunal in which the validity of a notice under subsection (2) is in issue, the question of when the tenant ceased to be eligible to be a tenant under the tenancy is a question of fact to be determined by the Tribunal.

(1) Within 14 working days after receipt of a notice terminating the tenancy, being a notice that complies with the requirements of section 51 (or, in the case of a boarding house tenancy, section 66U), the tenant may apply to the Tribunal for an order declaring that the notice is of no effect on the ground that, in giving the notice, the landlord was motivated wholly or partly by the exercise or proposed exercise by the tenant of any right, power, authority, or remedy conferred on the tenant by the tenancy agreement or by this or any other Act or any complaint by the tenant against the landlord relating to the tenancy.

(2) If, on any such application, the Tribunal is satisfied that the landlord was so motivated in giving the notice, it shall declare the notice to be of no effect unless the Tribunal is satisfied that the purported exercise by the tenant of any such right, power, authority, or remedy, or the making by the tenant of any such complaint, was or would be vexatious or frivolous to such an extent that the landlord was justified in giving the notice.

(1) Subject to subsection (2), on any application made to it under this section by the landlord, the Tribunal shall make an order terminating the tenancy if the Tribunal is satisfied that—

• (a) the rent was, at the date on which the application was filed under section 86, at least 21 days in arrear; or

• (b) the tenant has caused, or has permitted any other person to cause, or has threatened to cause, substantial damage to the premises; or

• (c) the tenant has assaulted, or has threatened to assault, or has caused or permitted any person to assault, or to threaten to assault, any of the following persons:

  • (i) the landlord or any member of the landlord’s family:

  • (ii) the owner of the premises or any member of the owner’s family:

  • (iii) any agent of the landlord:

  • (iv) any occupier of any building of which the premises constitute a part:

  • (v) any neighbour of the premises or of any building of which the premises constitute a part.

(1A) Notwithstanding section 78(3), the Tribunal may, instead of making a final termination order for the non-payment of rent under this section, make a conditional order if, but only if, it is satisfied that—

• (a) the tenant will pay any rent in arrear within a period specified by the Tribunal; and

• (b) it is unlikely that the tenant will commit any further breach of a kind to which this section applies.

(1B) Any conditional order referred to in subsection (1A)—

• (a) shall set out the terms of repayment of any rent in arrear or any other conditions attaching to the order; and

• (b) shall automatically take effect as a final termination order if the conditions are not complied with; and

• (c) shall lapse if the conditions are complied with.

(2) The Tribunal may refuse to make an order under subsection (1) if, but only if, it is satisfied that the breach has been remedied (where it is capable of remedy), the landlord has been compensated for any loss arising from the breach, and it is unlikely that the tenant will commit any further breach of a kind to which this section applies.

(3) It shall not be necessary for the landlord to give to the tenant notice of the landlord's intention to apply under this section for an order terminating the tenancy.

(4) In this section premises includes facilities.

(1) On an application made to it under this section by the landlord or the tenant, the Tribunal may make an order terminating the tenancy if the Tribunal is satisfied that—

• (a) the other party has committed a breach of any of the provisions of the tenancy agreement (including provisions relating to the payment of rent) or of this Act; and

• (b) in the case of a breach capable of remedy,—

  • (i) the applicant gave to the other party a notice specifying the nature of the breach complained of and requiring the other party to remedy the breach within a reasonable period, being not less than 14 days commencing with the day on which the notice was given; and

  • (ii) the other party failed to remedy the default within the required period; and

• (c) that the breach is of such a nature or of such an extent that it would be inequitable to refuse to make an order terminating the tenancy.

(2) Where an application is made by a landlord under this section and the Tribunal is satisfied that at the time of determining the matter the landlord could have made an application under section 55, the Tribunal shall determine the matter as if an application had been made under that section.

(1) Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3), where any premises are subject to a tenancy and 1 or more subtenancies, on the termination of the tenancy each subtenancy shall be deemed to be terminated.

(2) Where—

• (a) the landlord has consented to a subletting by the tenant to a subtenant; and

• (b) the landlord is giving to the tenant notice to terminate the tenancy in accordance with section 51 or section 52,—

the landlord may, on the same date, give a copy of the notice to the subtenant, in which case the notice shall have effect to terminate the subtenancy on the date on which the tenancy will terminate.

(3) Subject to subsection (2), where the landlord gives to the tenant notice to terminate the tenancy in accordance with section 51 or section 52, the following provisions shall apply in respect of each subtenancy to which the landlord has consented:

• (a) the subtenancy shall continue notwithstanding the giving or expiry of that notice:

• (b) for the purposes of sections 15, 21A, and 43, the landlord under the tenancy shall be deemed to have acquired the sublandlord's interest under the subtenancy, and the provisions of those sections, with any necessary modifications, shall apply accordingly:

• (c) the landlord under the tenancy shall have the same rights (if any) as the sublandlord had under the subtenancy agreement or this Act to give notice terminating the subtenancy or to apply to the Tribunal for an order terminating the subtenancy or for an order for possession of the premises:

• (d) if, on the expiry of the notice given in respect of the tenancy, the subtenancy is still subsisting, the subtenancy shall be deemed to be a tenancy granted by the landlord to the subtenant.

(1) Where a mortgagee or other person becomes entitled (as against the landlord) to possession of the premises, the following provisions shall apply:

• (a) the tenancy shall continue notwithstanding that the mortgagee or other person has become entitled (as against the landlord) to possession of the premises:

• (b) for the purposes of sections 15, 21A, and 43, the mortgagee or other person shall be deemed to have acquired the landlord's interest in the premises, and the provisions of those sections, with any necessary modifications, shall apply accordingly:

• (c) the mortgagee or other person shall have the same rights (if any) as the landlord had under the tenancy agreement or this Act to give notice terminating the tenancy or to apply to the Tribunal for an order terminating the tenancy or for an order for possession of the premises:

• (d) without limiting paragraph (c), but subject to paragraph (e), in the case of a fixed-term tenancy, the mortgagee or other person shall have the same right to give notice terminating the tenancy as the landlord would have had if the tenancy had been a periodic tenancy:

• (da) in the case of a fixed-term tenancy, the tenant has the same right to give notice terminating the tenancy as the tenant would have had if the tenancy had been a periodic tenancy:

• (e) paragraph (d) shall not apply where the mortgagee or other person is bound by the tenancy or consented in writing to its creation.

(2) Subsection (1) shall apply notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Property Law Act 2007 or the Land Transfer Act 1952 or any other enactment.

(1) Where, otherwise than as a result of a breach of the tenancy agreement (whether for a fixed-term tenancy or a periodic tenancy), the premises are destroyed, or are so seriously damaged as to be uninhabitable,—

• (a) the rent shall abate accordingly; and

• (b) either party may give notice to the other terminating the tenancy.

(2) Where a landlord gives notice of termination under subsection (1), the period of notice shall be not less than 7 days.

(3) Where a tenant gives notice of termination under subsection (1), the period of notice shall be not less than 2 days.

(4) Where, otherwise than as a result of a breach of the tenancy agreement, the premises are partially destroyed, or part of the premises is so seriously damaged as to be uninhabitable,—

• (a) the rent shall abate accordingly; and

• (b) either party may apply to the Tribunal for an order terminating the tenancy, and the Tribunal may make such an order if it is satisfied that it would be unreasonable to require the landlord to reinstate the property or (as the case may require) to require the tenant to continue with the tenancy albeit at a reduced rent.

(1) This section applies if, as a result of a breach of the tenancy agreement (whether for a fixed-term tenancy or a periodic tenancy) by a party, the premises are destroyed or are so seriously damaged as to be uninhabitable.

(2) If the tenant is not in breach, the rent abates.

(3) The party who is not in breach may give notice to the other party terminating the tenancy.

(4) When a landlord gives notice of termination under this section, the period of notice is not less than 7 days.

(5) When a tenant gives notice of termination under this section, the period of notice is not less than 2 days.

(1) Where a tenant remains in occupation of the premises after the tenancy has terminated or has been terminated, all the obligations of the tenant shall continue in force as if the tenancy were still subsisting until such time as the tenant ceases to occupy the premises.

(2) If the landlord permits the tenant to remain in the premises for more than 90 days after the tenancy has terminated or has been terminated, without obtaining a possession order, or for more than 90 days after obtaining a possession order, the landlord shall be deemed to have granted, and the tenant shall be deemed to have accepted, as from the date on which that period of 90 days expired, a periodic tenancy of the premises on the same terms and conditions as pertained to the original tenancy immediately before its termination.

(3) The landlord shall not be taken to have permitted the tenant to remain in possession, or to have given up the right to proceed under this Act in respect of any breach of the tenant's obligations, merely because the landlord accepts payment of rent in respect of any period after the tenancy has been terminated.

(1) On the expiry of a fixed-term tenancy of more than 90 days, the tenancy continues as a periodic tenancy with the same terms as the terms contained in the expired tenancy so far as those terms are consistent with a periodic tenancy.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if—

• (a) the parties enter into a new tenancy agreement or agree to extend the existing tenancy agreement; or

• (b) within the effective period, either party gives the other written notice of the party’s intention not to continue with the tenancy.

(3) The effective period is the period that starts on the 90th day before the date on which the tenancy expires and ends with the 21st day before that date.

(4) On an application by either party, the Tribunal may make an order specifying a date for the early termination of a tenancy that will continue, or is continuing, under subsection (1).

(5) The Tribunal may only make an order under subsection (4) if satisfied that, without the order, the applicant would suffer greater hardship than the other party.

(6) Where the Tribunal makes an order under subsection (4), the Tribunal may order that the applicant pay to the other party an amount determined by the Tribunal by way of reasonable compensation for any loss or damage to the other party that is likely to result from the early termination.

(1) A tenant who wishes to exercise a right under the tenancy agreement to require the landlord to grant the tenant a renewal or an extension of the tenancy must exercise that right by giving the landlord written notice, in accordance with this section, of the tenant’s intention to exercise the right.

(2) The tenant must give notice of the tenant’s intention not later than the 21st day before the date on which the tenancy would otherwise expire.

(3) On an application, made before or after the expiry of the tenancy, by a tenant who has failed to comply with subsection (1) or (2) but who wishes to renew or extend the tenancy, the Tribunal may order the renewal or extension of the tenancy.

(4) The Tribunal may make an order under subsection (3) only if satisfied that, without the order, the tenant would suffer greater hardship than the landlord.

(5) If the Tribunal makes an order under subsection (3), the Tribunal may order that the tenant pay the landlord an amount determined by the Tribunal by way of reasonable compensation for any loss or damage to the landlord that has resulted from the tenant’s failure to comply with subsection (1) or (2).

(1) This section applies to a tenancy (the current tenancy) that results from the renewal or extension of a previous tenancy (the previous tenancy).

(2) The rent payable at the commencement of the current tenancy in respect of that tenancy—

• (a) is the rent that is payable under the previous tenancy immediately before the commencement of the current tenancy; and

• (b) is subject to any lawful notice or order, given or made before the commencement of the current tenancy, that varies that rent on or after that commencement; and

• (c) may be increased only if any of sections 24 to 28B apply.

(1) On the application of the landlord, the Tribunal may make an order terminating a tenancy where it is satisfied that the tenant has abandoned the premises and the rent is in arrear.

(2) Where the Tribunal makes an order under subsection (1) in respect of a periodic tenancy, it shall determine, as best it can on the evidence before it, the date on which the landlord first became aware, or ought reasonably to have become aware, that the tenant had abandoned the premises, and shall specify that date in the order.

(3) A tenant who abandons the premises shall, notwithstanding any rule of law to the contrary, be liable to pay the rent for any period up to and including, but not after, the following date:

• (a) in the case of a periodic tenancy,—

  • (i) the date of the expiry of the period of 21 days after the date specified by the Tribunal under subsection (2); or

  • (ii) the date of commencement of a new tenancy of the premises,—

  whichever is the earlier:

• (b) in the case of a fixed-term tenancy,—

  • (i) the date of the expiry of the term; or

  • (ii) the date of commencement of a new tenancy of the premises,—

  whichever is the earlier.

(4) Nothing in section 49 shall impose upon the landlord any obligation, on finding that the tenant has abandoned the premises, to make an application under this section or to grant a new tenancy of the premises.

(5) It is declared that a tenant commits an unlawful act if, without reasonable excuse, he or she abandons the premises when the rent is in arrear.

(1) Where, on the termination of the tenancy, the tenant leaves on the premises foodstuffs or other perishable goods, the landlord may, immediately after taking possession of the premises, dispose of those goods in any way the landlord thinks fit.

(2) If the tenant leaves on the premises goods that are neither foodstuffs nor other perishable goods, the landlord must, immediately after taking possession of the premises, make all reasonable efforts to contact the tenant and to agree with the tenant on a period within which the tenant is to collect the goods.

(3) If the landlord is unable to contact the tenant or to agree on a period with the tenant, or if the tenant fails to collect the goods within the agreed period, the landlord must ensure that any personal documents belonging to the tenant are stored securely and must deal with the other goods either—

• (a) in accordance with section 62A; or

• (b) by securing them in safe storage and by applying to the Tribunal in accordance with section 62B.

(4) In this section, premises includes facilities.

(1) The landlord may deal with the goods to which section 62(3) applies, other than personal documents belonging to the tenant, by making all reasonable efforts to assess the market value of those goods.

(2) If the assessment under subsection (1) indicates that any of the goods have a value below the cost of storing, transporting, and selling them, the landlord may immediately dispose of those goods in any way the landlord thinks fit.

(3) If the assessment under subsection (1) indicates that any of the goods have a value above the cost of storing, transporting, and selling them, the landlord must secure those goods in safe storage for not less than 35 days from the date on which the landlord first took possession of those goods.

(4) If, before the landlord disposes of the goods under subsection (5), the tenant claims the goods and any personal documents belonging to the tenant or claims either the goods or the documents,—

• (a) the landlord may require the tenant to pay the landlord’s actual and reasonable costs arising out of the storage of the goods; and

• (b) the landlord must release to the tenant any goods and personal documents claimed by the tenant, subject to payment of any costs required under paragraph (a); and

• (c) the tenant must give the landlord a receipt for any goods and personal documents released to the tenant.

(5) If, after the period of 35 days specified in subsection (3), the goods or any personal documents belonging to the tenant remain unclaimed, the landlord must—

• (a) continue to secure those goods and personal documents in safe storage to await any claims by the tenant under subsection (4); or

• (b) do the following:

  • (i) take any personal documents belonging to the tenant to the nearest Police station and obtain a receipt for them from a Police employee; and

  • (ii) sell the other goods by public auction or by private contract at a reasonable market price.

(6) If the landlord has sold the goods under subsection (5)(b)(ii), the landlord may apply to the Tribunal for an order specifying the amount (if any) owing to the landlord out of the proceeds of sale.

(1) The landlord may apply to the Tribunal for an order for the disposal of the goods to which section 62(3) applies, including any personal documents belonging to the tenant.

(2) On an application under subsection (1), the Tribunal must make an order—

• (a) for the return of the goods to the tenant; or

• (b) if that is not practicable, for the sale or other disposition of the goods.

(3) Without limiting section 78(3), the Tribunal may, in making an order for the sale or other disposition of goods under this section, direct that the order is not to take effect unless the tenant has had the opportunity to collect the goods within a period specified in the order or unless another condition is met.

(4) If the Tribunal makes an order for the sale of goods under this section, the order must state the amount owing (if any) to the landlord out of the proceeds of sale.

(1) In this section, amount owing means—

• (a) where the landlord has sold the goods under section 62A(5)(b)(ii) but there is no order under section 62A(6), the cost of storage, transport, and sale reasonably incurred by the landlord:

• (b) where there is an order by the Tribunal under section 62A(6) or 62B(4) specifying the amount owing to the landlord out of the proceeds of sale, that amount.

(2) The landlord may deduct any amount owing from the proceeds of any sale under section 62A(5)(b)(ii) or under an order made under section 62B(2)(b).

(3) The landlord must pay the proceeds of any sale, less any deduction made under subsection (2), to the chief executive, and the chief executive must pay those proceeds into the Residential Tenancies Trust Account.

(4) To the extent that any amount owing to the landlord is not fully reimbursed under subsection (2), the landlord may seek reimbursement, in accordance with section 22, 22A, or 22B, for that amount out of any bond held in the Residential Tenancies Trust Account in respect of the tenancy.

(5) To the extent that any amount owing to the landlord is not fully reimbursed under subsections (2) and (4), the landlord may recover those costs from the tenant.

At any time within 1 year after the date of a sale under section 62A(5)(b)(ii) or under an order made under section 62B(2)(b), the tenant may apply to the chief executive for the payment to the tenant of the proceeds of sale in the Residential Tenancies Trust Account, and the chief executive must either make that payment to the tenant or, if there are reasonable grounds to do so, refer the matter to the Tribunal for determination.

Sections 62A to 62D do not absolve the tenant from any responsibility imposed on the tenant by the tenancy agreement or by section 40(1)(e) or by any rule of law to remove from the premises on the termination of the tenancy all goods owned by the tenant that the tenant is entitled to possess.

(1) The landlord is not liable in respect of goods sold or disposed of under section 62 or 62A, or under an order made under section 62B, unless it is shown that, at the time of the sale or disposition, the landlord had reason to believe that the goods were not owned by the tenant.

(2) Any goods sold under section 62A(5)(b)(ii) or under an order made under section 62B(2)(b) are not recoverable from the purchaser unless it is shown that the purchaser acted otherwise than in good faith.

(1) No person shall enter into possession of any residential premises in the occupation of a tenant except with the consent of the tenant or pursuant to an order for possession made by the Tribunal and duly enforced in accordance with section 106.

(2) Notwithstanding anything in section 57 of the Crimes Act 1961, every person who, otherwise than pursuant to a possession order duly enforced in accordance with section 106, enters onto any land or into any land, being residential premises to which this Act applies, for the purpose of taking possession of that land or building without the consent of the tenant commits an offence and is liable to a fine not exceeding $2,000.

(1) Subject to subsection (2), on the application of any person entitled to possession of the premises following the termination of a tenancy, the Tribunal shall make an order granting possession of the premises to that person.

(2) No possession order may be made more than 90 days after the date of the termination of the tenancy.

(3) Every order of the Tribunal made under section 55 or section 56 or section 59 or section 61 terminating a tenancy shall have effect as a possession order granting possession of the premises to the landlord.

(4) No possession order (including an order of a kind referred to in subsection (3)) shall be capable of being filed under section 106 more than 90 days after—

• (a) the date of the order; or

• (b) in the case of a conditional order under section 55(1A) or section 78(3) or section 88(2) which states that it is an order to which this paragraph applies, the date on which the conditional order takes effect as a final termination order.

(1) Where, on the application of any person entitled to possession of any residential premises, the Tribunal is satisfied that any other person is in possession of the premises as a squatter or trespasser, or otherwise than pursuant to any right of occupation granted to that person by any person having lawful authority to grant that right to that other person, the Tribunal shall make a possession order granting possession of the premises to the applicant.

(2) Nothing in subsection (1) shall limit or affect the provisions of the Trespass Act 1980, or any other remedy that may be available to the person lawfully entitled to possession of the premises.

(3) To avoid doubt, the Tribunal has jurisdiction under this section even though the premises are not subject to a tenancy agreement.

(1) On application by a party to a fixed-term tenancy, the Tribunal may make an order reducing the term of the tenancy by a period stated in the order, and making such variations in the terms of the tenancy as are necessary because of the reduction of the term, where it is satisfied that, because of an unforeseen change in the applicant's circumstances, the severe hardship which the applicant would suffer if the term of the tenancy were not reduced would be greater than the hardship which the other party to the tenancy would suffer if the term were reduced.

(2) Where the Tribunal makes an order under subsection (1), the Tribunal may order that the applicant pay to the other party an amount determined by the Tribunal by way of reasonable compensation for any loss or damage to the other party which would result from the reduction in the term of the tenancy.

(3) On an application by a tenant who is a party to a fixed-term tenancy, the Tribunal may make an order terminating the tenancy if the Tribunal is satisfied that the tenant has received a notice of a rent increase that—

• (a) is substantial; and

• (b) is of an amount that the tenant could not reasonably foresee when he or she entered into the tenancy agreement; and

• (c) has caused, or will cause, serious hardship.

(4) On an application by a tenant who is party to a fixed-term tenancy of premises held in a stratum estate under the Unit Titles Act 2010, the Tribunal may make an order terminating the tenancy if satisfied that—

• (a) the tenant is adversely affected by a change to the body corporate operational rules made under that Act; and

• (b) because of that change, it would be unreasonable to require the tenant to continue with the tenancy.

(1) This Part sets out special provisions that apply only to boarding house tenancies.

(2) The following provisions do not apply to boarding house tenancies unless otherwise specifically applied:

• (a) section 7 (relating to short fixed-term tenancies):

• (b) section 9(1) and (2) (relating to transitional provisions):

• (c) sections 36 to 42 and 44 to 49 (relating to the rights and obligations of landlords and tenants):

• (d) sections 50A, 51, and 55 to 57 (relating to the termination of tenancies):

• (e) section 61 (relating to the abandonment of premises):

• (f) section 64 (relating to possession orders).

(3) When applying other provisions to boarding house tenancies, terms that are defined in section 66B have the meaning given by that section.

In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,—

(1) A boarding house tenancy agreement must comply with the requirements in section 13A and must, in addition, contain the following:

• (a) a statement of whether the tenancy is intended to last for 28 days or more:

• (b) 1 or more telephone numbers at which the landlord may be contacted by the tenant at any reasonable time:

• (c) the room number of the boarding room to which the tenancy agreement relates:

• (d) a statement as to whether the boarding room that the tenant is renting is shared by other tenants and, if so, the maximum number of other tenants who may occupy the room:

• (e) a statement of whether the tenancy is a joint tenancy and, if so, the names of the other people who will occupy the boarding room under the tenancy agreement:

• (f) a statement of the services (if any) to be provided by the landlord:

• (g) if the premises are managed by a person other than the landlord, the name and contact address (which must include a telephone number) of that person:

• (h) a description of the fire evacuation procedures that apply to the premises.

(2) A boarding house tenancy agreement may, in addition, provide for the tenant to supply, for the purposes of sections 62 to 62B and 66X, the name and contact details of a contact person.

(1) If 1 week’s rent or less is received as bond under a boarding house tenancy,—

• (a) the bond need not be lodged with the chief executive, and sections 19 to 22D do not apply; and

• (b) the landlord must immediately give the tenant a receipt for the bond, and the receipt must comply with section 19(1)(a); and

• (c) the landlord must refund the bond to the tenant when the tenancy terminates.

(2) Despite subsection (1)(c), the landlord may retain out of a bond—

• (a) any unpaid rent owing under the tenancy; and

• (b) any other amount owing by the tenant to the landlord, such as (without limitation) costs associated with repairing damage attributable to the tenant, replacing lost keys, reimbursement for services provided by the landlord, or unpaid gas, electricity, water, or telephone charges.

(3) If the landlord does not refund the bond, or withholds more of the bond than the tenant considers is justified, the tenant may apply to the Tribunal for an order.

(1) The landlord is responsible for all outgoings in respect of the boarding house that are incurred—

• (a) whether or not the boarding house is occupied; or

• (b) for common facilities; or

• (c) in respect of rooms that are occupied by more than 1 tenant.

(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the landlord is responsible for the cost of—

• (a) the general rate (within the meaning of section 13 of the Local Government (Rating) Act 2002) payable in respect of the boarding house; and

• (b) insurance premiums payable in respect of the boarding house.

(3) A tenant is responsible for all outgoings that are exclusively attributable to the tenant’s occupation of a room that is exclusively occupied by the tenant.

(4) Without limiting the generality of subsection (3), the tenant is responsible for the following charges, incurred during the tenancy, in respect of the premises:

• (a) electricity and gas supplied to the tenant’s boarding room, if the supply is separately metered for that room:

• (b) telephone and Internet connected to the tenant’s boarding room.

(5) If the landlord provides services to a tenant, and payment for those services is not included in the rent, the landlord must provide the tenant each week with an itemised account of the services provided and the amount payable by the tenant.

A boarding house tenancy is not assignable by a tenant.

(1) Every tenant of a boarding house is entitled to the quiet enjoyment of the premises, without interruption by the landlord or another tenant of the boarding house.

(2) The landlord must not cause or permit any interference with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of the tenant in the use of the premises by the tenant.

(3) The tenant must not cause or permit any interference with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of any other tenant on the premises.

(4) Contravention of subsection (2) or (3) in circumstances that amount to harassment of a tenant is declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) When a tenant enters into a boarding house tenancy agreement, the landlord must give the tenant—

• (a) a copy of the current house rules; and

• (b) if services are or may be provided by the landlord that are not covered by the rent, a list of the services and their cost.

(2) When a tenant first takes occupation of a boarding room under a boarding house tenancy, the landlord must ensure that—

• (a) the tenant has vacant possession of the room or, if the room is shared, of the tenant’s sleeping quarters in the room; and

• (b) the room is in a reasonable state of cleanliness; and

• (c) there is no legal impediment to the tenant’s occupation of the room.

(1) The landlord of a boarding house must, at all times,—

• (a) ensure that the facilities of the premises are in a reasonable state of cleanliness; and

• (b) ensure that the premises are in a reasonable state of repair, having regard to the age and character of the premises and the period during which the premises are likely to remain habitable and available for residential purposes; and

• (c) comply with all requirements in respect of buildings, health, and safety under any enactment so far as they apply to the premises; and

• (d) ensure that there are sufficient locks or similar devices to ensure that the premises are reasonably secure; and

• (e) ensure that the tenant has access at all times to his or her room and to toilet and bathroom facilities in the premises; and

• (f) ensure that the tenant has access at all reasonable hours to the other facilities in the premises; and

• (g) ensure that copies of the house rules and fire evacuation procedures are on display in the premises at all times; and

• (h) take all reasonable steps to ensure that the house rules are observed, and to enforce them in a fair and consistent manner.

(2) Subsection (1) applies even if the tenant has notice, at the time when the tenancy agreement is entered into, of the state of the premises.

(3) The obligations in subsection (1) are in addition to the obligation in section 66G(2).

(4) Failure by the landlord to comply with any of paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (1) is declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) The landlord must not interfere with the supply of gas, electricity, water, telephone services, or other services to the premises, unless the interference is necessary to avoid danger to any person or to enable maintenance or repairs to be carried out.

(2) The landlord must immediately tell the tenant if he or she puts the premises on the market and, if the premises are on the market, the landlord must advise any prospective tenant of that fact.

(3) Before changing any lock or similar device, the landlord must tell every tenant of the boarding house who will be affected about the change.

(4) Failure by the landlord to comply with subsection (1) or (2) is declared to be an unlawful act.

(1) The tenant of a boarding house must—

• (a) pay the rent when it is payable under the tenancy agreement; and

• (b) ensure that the tenant’s boarding room is occupied principally for residential purposes; and

• (c) keep the tenant’s room reasonably clean and reasonably tidy, and in a condition that does not create a health or safety hazard; and

• (d) notify the landlord, as soon as possible after discovery, of any damage to the premises or of the need for any repairs; and

• (e) observe the house rules; and

• (f) compensate the landlord for any damage done by the tenant, or by any of his or her visitors to the premises, other than damage caused by general wear and tear.

(2) The tenant of a boarding house must not—

• (a) intentionally or carelessly damage, or permit any other person to damage, the premises; or

• (b) cause or permit any interference with, or render inoperative, any means of escape from fire within the meaning of the Building Act 2004; or

• (c) use the tenant’s boarding room, or permit the room to be used, for an unlawful purpose; or

• (d) cause or permit any interference with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of any person residing in the neighbourhood; or

• (e) affix any fixture to the premises, or make any renovation, alteration, or addition of or to the premises, without the prior written consent of the landlord; or

• (f) alter, add to, or remove from the premises any lock or similar device; or

• (g) keep a pet on the premises without the permission of the landlord.

(3) The obligations in this section are in addition to the obligation in section 66G(3).

(4) The following are declared to be unlawful acts:

• (a) a contravention of subsection (2)(b):

• (b) a contravention of subsection (2)(c):

• (c) a contravention of subsection (2)(d) in circumstances that amount to harassment of a neighbour of the tenant.

(1) The tenant of a boarding house is responsible for anything done or omitted to be done by any person who is on the premises with the tenant’s permission if the act or omission would have constituted a breach of the tenancy agreement had it been the act or omission of the tenant.

(2) Any damage done to a tenant’s boarding room is presumed to have been caused by the tenant, unless the tenant proves otherwise or is not the only tenant of that room.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a person who enters the tenant’s boarding room is presumed to be on the premises with the tenant’s permission, unless the tenant proves otherwise or is not the only tenant of that room.

On the termination of a tenancy, the tenant of a boarding house must—

• (a) quit the premises; and

• (b) remove all his or her goods from the premises; and

• (c) leave the tenant’s boarding room in a reasonably clean and reasonably tidy condition, and remove all rubbish from the room; and

• (d) return to the landlord all keys, security or pass cards, and other such devices provided by the landlord for the use of the tenant; and

• (e) leave in or at the premises all other chattels provided by the landlord for the use of tenants of the boarding house.

If a landlord or tenant breaches any provision of the tenancy agreement, the other party must take all reasonable steps to limit the damage or loss arising from the breach, in accordance with the rules of law relating to mitigation of loss or damage upon breach of contract.

(1) The landlord of a boarding house may make house rules relating to—

• (a) the use and enjoyment of the premises; and

• (b) the provision of services.

(2) No house rule may—

• (a) be inconsistent with this Act; or

• (b) require or purport to permit anything that is or would be illegal and, in particular, must not—

  • (i) require or permit any form of discrimination in contravention of the Human Rights Act 1993; or

  • (ii) purport to permit anything that would breach the Privacy Act 1993.

(3) The landlord may at any time change the house rules, but a new house rule does not come into effect until the landlord has given each tenant of the boarding house at least 7 days’ written notice of the new house rule.

(1) A tenant may apply to the Tribunal for an order declaring a house rule to be unlawful on the grounds that it breaches section 66O(2).

(2) Subsection (1) applies even if, when the tenancy was entered into, the tenant had notice of the relevant house rule.

(3) The Tribunal may, on the application of a tenant, make any of the following determinations in relation to a house rule:

• (a) require the landlord to apply a house rule in a particular manner:

• (b) vary the rule:

• (c) set the rule aside.

(4) A landlord commits an unlawful act if he or she, in breach of an order of the Tribunal made under this section,—

• (a) adopts or maintains a house rule that has been declared unlawful; or

• (b) refuses to apply a house rule in the manner ordered by the Tribunal; or

• (c) does not give effect to a house rule as varied by the Tribunal; or

• (d) purports to give effect to a house rule that has been set aside by the Tribunal.

(1) The landlord of a boarding house may enter the boarding house at any time.

(2) The landlord must not use the facilities of the boarding house for his or her own domestic purposes unless the landlord resides at the boarding house.

(1) The landlord of a boarding house may enter a boarding room that is currently let to a tenant only in the following circumstances:

• (a) with the consent of the tenant (or, if the room is let to more than 1 tenant, with the consent of any tenant of the room) freely given at, or immediately before, the time of entry:

• (b) the landlord believes on reasonable grounds that there is an emergency and that immediate entry is necessary to save life or property:

• (c) the landlord believes on reasonable grounds that there is a serious risk to life or property and that immediate entry is necessary to reduce or eliminate the risk:

• (d) services are provided under the tenancy agreement and it is necessary to enter the room in order to provide them, but, in this case, the entry must be in accordance with any conditions specified in the tenancy agreement or the house rules:

• (e) the Tribunal has ordered that the landlord may enter the room.

(2) The landlord may also enter the room of a tenant if the landlord—

• (a) gives the tenant (or, if the room is let to more than 1 tenant, any tenant of the room), at least 24 hours before the entry, a notice of entry that complies with section 66S; and

• (b) enters the room only for the purpose set out in the notice of entry (which must be one of the purposes set out in section 66S(1)); and

• (c) enters the room between 8 am and 6 pm.

(3) A landlord entering a room under this section—

• (a) must do so in a reasonable manner; and

• (b) must not stay in the room longer than is necessary to achieve the purpose of the entry; and

• (c) must not interfere with the tenant’s property unless it is necessary for the purpose of the entry.

(1) The purposes for which a landlord may enter a boarding room under a notice of entry are—

• (a) to show the room to a prospective tenant:

• (b) to show the room to a prospective buyer or lender, or to a registered valuer, real estate agent, or an expert engaged in appraising or evaluating the boarding house, if the boarding house is to be sold or used as security:

• (c) where entry to the room is necessary to enable the landlord to fulfil his or her obligations under this Act:

• (d) where the landlord has reasonable grounds to believe that a tenant of the room has failed to comply with his or her obligations as a tenant under this Act:

• (e) the landlord wishes to confirm whether or not a tenant of the room has abandoned the tenancy:

• (f) the landlord wishes to inspect the room and no entry for that purpose has been made within the last 4 weeks:

• (g) to inspect work that the landlord has required the tenant to carry out or that the tenant has agreed to carry out.

(2) The tenant may be notified of the proposed entry orally or in writing.

(3) The notice must—

• (a) state the purpose of the entry, which must be one of the purposes listed in subsection (1); and

• (b) identify the person or persons who will enter the room; and

• (c) state the date on which entry will be made and the approximate time of entry.

(4) If the notice is in writing, it must be served on the tenant by—

• (a) giving it to the tenant in person; or

• (b) putting it on the door of the tenant’s room; or

• (c) putting it inside the tenant’s room (for example, by sliding it under the door).

(1) The following are unlawful acts:

• (a) entry into a tenant’s room by a landlord otherwise than in accordance with section 66R:

• (b) the use or threat of force by the landlord to enter or attempt to enter a tenant’s room (other than as provided for in section 66R(1)(b) or (c)):

• (c) failure by a tenant of a boarding room (or any person occupying the tenant’s room with the tenant’s permission) to permit the entry by the landlord into the tenant’s room when the person entering is exercising a right of entry in accordance with section 66R.

(2) A landlord who uses or threatens to use force to gain entry into a tenant’s room in breach of subsection (1)(b) commits an offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to a fine not exceeding $2,000.

(3) If a landlord enters a tenant’s room under section 66R(2), but does not comply with sections 66R(3) and 66S, the tenant may apply to the Tribunal for an order prohibiting the landlord from exercising the right to enter under section 66R(2) for a period specified in the order.

(4) If a landlord damages any property of a tenant while in the tenant’s room, the tenant may apply to the Tribunal for compensation for the damage.

(1) The landlord of a boarding house may terminate a boarding house tenancy—

• (a) immediately, if the tenant has—

  • (i) caused, or threatened to cause, serious damage to the premises; or

  • (ii) endangered, or threatened to endanger, people or property; or

  • (iii) caused, or threatened to cause, serious disruption to other tenants; or

• (b) on 48 hours’ notice, if—

  • (i) the landlord has, by written notice to the tenant, required the tenant to pay any rent in arrears within a stated period of not less than 10 days, commencing on the day the notice is given, and the tenant fails to pay the rent in arrears within the stated period; or

  • (ii) the tenant is using the premises for an illegal purpose; or

  • (iii) the landlord believes, having complied with section 66X, that the tenant has abandoned the room; or

• (c) on 14 days’ notice, if the tenancy is also a service tenancy, in which case section 53 applies; or

• (d) on 28 days’ notice, if no reason is given.

(2) A notice of termination given by a landlord to a tenant of a boarding house must—

• (a) be in writing; and

• (b) state the date on which the notice is given; and

• (c) state the date on which the termination takes effect; and

• (d) state the reason for the termination (unless 28 days’ notice is given, in which case no reason need be given); and

• (e) state the name of the tenant; and

• (f) state the name, contact address, and telephone number of the landlord or his or her agent.

(3) Subsections (4) to (9) of section 51 apply, with all necessary modifications, to a notice of termination given by the landlord of a boarding house.

(4) To avoid doubt, section 54 (which provides that the Tribunal may order that notice by a landlord is of no effect in certain circumstances) applies to boarding house tenancies.

(1) A tenant under a boarding house tenancy may terminate the tenancy by giving at least 48 hours’ notice to the landlord.

(2) A tenant need not give notice in writing.

(3) If a boarding house tenancy is also a service tenancy, the requirement in section 53(1) that a tenant give not less than 14 days’ notice does not apply.

A boarding house tenancy terminates 48 hours after the death of a sole tenant under the tenancy.

(1) If the tenant of a boarding house is in arrear with the rent, and if the landlord has reason to believe that the tenant has abandoned the premises, the landlord—

• (a) may put a notice on the door of the tenant’s boarding room advising the tenant that the landlord will enter the room 24 hours later to confirm whether or not the tenant has abandoned the tenancy; and

• (b) must make all reasonable efforts to contact the contact person (if any) identified in the tenant’s tenancy agreement.

(2) The landlord must not enter the room until at least 24 hours after putting the notice on the door.

(3) If, after inspecting the room and making contact (if possible) with the tenant’s contact person, the landlord considers, on reasonable grounds, that the tenant has abandoned the room, the landlord may terminate the tenancy by putting a notice of termination that complies with subsection (4) and section 66S(1) on the door of the tenant’s room.

(4) The notice of termination must specify the date and time on which the tenancy terminates, which must be a time no sooner than 48 hours after the notice is put on the door.

(5) It is declared that a tenant commits an unlawful act if, without reasonable excuse, he or she abandons the premises when the rent is in arrear.

(1) A landlord may apply to the Tribunal for a possession order if—

• (a) the landlord has given the tenant notice under section 66U and the tenant has not quit the premises within the period specified in the notice; or

• (b) the tenant has given the landlord notice under section 66V and the tenant has not quit the premises within the period specified by the tenant.

(2) If the Tribunal is satisfied that the notice of termination was properly given and has not been withdrawn, it must make an order granting possession of the premises to the landlord.

(1) For the purposes of this Act there is hereby constituted a tribunal, to be called the Tenancy Tribunal.

(2) The Tribunal shall consist of—

• (a) 1 person, being a person who has held a required qualification for at least 5 years, who shall be appointed to be the Principal Tenancy Adjudicator:

• (b) [Repealed]

• (c) such number of other persons as may be required to ensure the efficient and expeditious exercise of the jurisdiction of the Tribunal throughout New Zealand, who shall be appointed to be Tenancy Adjudicators.

(2A) One Tenancy Adjudicator, being a person who has held a required qualification for at least 5 years, may be appointed to be the Deputy Principal Tenancy Adjudicator.

(3) Every Tenancy Adjudicator shall be appointed by the Governor-General on the joint recommendation of the Minister of Justice and the Minister.

(4) [Repealed]

(5) No person shall be eligible for appointment to the Tribunal unless that person—

• (a) has a required qualification; or

• (b) is, in the opinion of the Minister of Justice and the Minister, otherwise capable by reason of special knowledge or experience of performing and exercising the duties, functions, and powers of a Tenancy Adjudicator.

(6) In recommending persons for appointment to the Tribunal under subsection (2)(c), the Minister of Justice and the Minister shall ensure, so far as practicable, that—

• (a) [Repealed]

• (b) there will be sufficient Tenancy Adjudicators who have a required qualification to ensure the efficient and expeditious dispatch of those cases that are directed by the Principal Tenancy Adjudicator, under section 84(3), to be heard and determined by a Tenancy Adjudicator who has a required qualification, whether sitting alone or with any other Tenancy Adjudicator.

(7) The office of Tenancy Adjudicator shall not be held in conjunction with any office or employment in the Public Service, nor with any other office or employment that, in the opinion of the Minister of Justice and the Minister, is inconsistent with the office of Tenancy Adjudicator.

(8) The duties, functions, and powers of the Tribunal shall not be affected by any vacancy in its membership.

(9) In this section, the term a required qualification means—

• (a) a practising certificate as a barrister or solicitor, or as both a barrister and solicitor, of the High Court of New Zealand; or

• (b) an equivalent qualification issued or recognised by the appropriate authority in any Commonwealth country, or in any other common law country or state.

(1) Every Tenancy Adjudicator shall be appointed for a term not exceeding 3 years commencing on the date of the appointment or on such other date as may be specified in the instrument of appointment.

(2) [Repealed]

(3) Any Tenancy Adjudicator may at any time be removed from office by the Governor-General for inability to perform the functions of the office, bankruptcy, neglect of duty, or misconduct, proved to the satisfaction of the Governor-General.

(4) Any Tenancy Adjudicator may at any time resign by writing addressed to the Minister of Justice.

(5) Where the term of office of any Tenancy Adjudicator expires, that Adjudicator shall, unless sooner vacating office under subsection (3) or subsection (4), continue in office until—

• (a) that person is reappointed; or

• (b) a successor to that person is appointed; or

• (c) that person is informed in writing by the Minister of Justice and the Minister that that person is not to be reappointed and that a successor to that person is not to be appointed.

(6) Every person who was a Tenancy Adjudicator shall, notwithstanding the expiry of that Tenancy Adjudicator's term of office or that Tenancy Adjudicator's retirement or resignation from office, be deemed to continue to be a Tenancy Adjudicator for the purpose of finally disposing of any matter that was still before the Tribunal on the date of expiry of the term of office, or the effective date of the retirement or the resignation, of that Tenancy Adjudicator.

(1) There shall be paid to the Principal Tenancy Adjudicator and the Deputy Principal Tenancy Adjudicator remuneration by way of salary, fees, or otherwise, and allowances and expenses, at such rate as the Remuneration Authority may from time to time determine in accordance with the Remuneration Authority Act 1977.

(2) There shall be paid to each Tenancy Adjudicator (other than the Principal Tenancy Adjudicator and the Deputy Principal Tenancy Adjudicator) remuneration by way of salary, fees, or otherwise, and allowances and expenses, at such rate as the Minister of Finance, from time to time determines by written instrument, and different forms of remuneration and different rates may be so determined for different classes of Tenancy Adjudicators.

(3) The remuneration of a Tenancy Adjudicator shall not be diminished during the continuance of the Tenancy Adjudicator's appointment.

(4) Any determination under subsection (2), and any provision of any such determination, may be made so as to come into force on a date to be specified in that behalf in the determination, being the date of the making of the determination or any other date, whether before or after the date of the making of the determination.

(5) Every such determination, and every provision of any such determination, in respect of which no date is specified under subsection (4) shall come into force on the date of the making of the determination.

Every Tenancy Adjudicator, in the performance of the Tenancy Adjudicator's duties under this Act, shall have and enjoy the same protection as Justices of the Peace acting in their criminal jurisdiction have and enjoy under Part 7 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957.

(1) The Principal Tenancy Adjudicator shall be responsible for ensuring the orderly and expeditious discharge of the business of the Tribunal throughout New Zealand, and accordingly may, subject to subsection (2) and to such consultation with the other Tenancy Adjudicators as is appropriate and practicable, give all such directions as are contemplated by the succeeding provisions of this section.

(2) Sittings of the Tribunal must be held, as and when necessary for the dispatch of its business, at the places that the chief executive directs.

(3) Each Tenancy Adjudicator shall be stationed at, and shall exercise the jurisdiction of the Tribunal in, such place or places as the Principal Tenancy Adjudicator may from time to time direct.

(4) Notwithstanding anything in subsections (2) and (3), the fact that a Tenancy Adjudicator sits in any particular place shall be conclusive evidence of that Tenancy Adjudicator's authority to do so, and no exercise of any jurisdiction or power by any Tenancy Adjudicator shall be questioned on the ground that the Tenancy Adjudicator was not stationed at, or authorised to exercise the jurisdiction of the Tribunal in, the place where the Tenancy Adjudicator exercised the jurisdiction or power.

(5) Sittings of the Tribunal for the dispatch of its business in any particular place shall, subject to any directions by the Principal Tenancy Adjudicator, be held on such days and at such times as may be appointed by the Tenancy Adjudicator, or one of the Tenancy Adjudicators, stationed at, and authorised to exercise the jurisdiction of the Tribunal in, that place.

(1) Every Registrar, and every Deputy Registrar, of a District Court is a Registrar of the Tribunal.

(2)  In addition, employees of the Ministry of Justice who are not Registrars, or Deputy Registrars, of District Courts may be designated by the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice as Registrars of the Tribunal.

(3) It is the responsibility of each Registrar—

• (a) to arrange, in accordance with the instructions of the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice, for the provision of any secretarial and administrative services that may be necessary for the efficient and expeditious exercise of the Tribunal's jurisdiction; and

• (b) to ensure that adequate arrangements are made, in consultation with the chief executive, for the filing and processing of all applications and other documents required or authorised to be filed under this Act; and

• (c) to arrange fixtures for cases to be dealt with by the Tribunal; and

• (d) to carry out, in respect of the exercise of the Tribunal's jurisdiction, the duties customarily carried out by a registrar of a judicial body.

(4) Any Registrar may, at the direction of the chief executive (given generally or in any particular case), refer a matter to another Registrar.

(1) The Tribunal shall have, in the custody of each Registrar, a seal which shall be the seal of the Tribunal and shall be used for sealing documents that require to be sealed, and any other document that any Tenancy Adjudicator elects to seal.

(2) The form of the seal shall be such as the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice from time to time determines.

(3) The seal of the Tribunal shall be judicially noticed by all courts and for all purposes.

(1) Every Registrar shall be responsible for ensuring the safe custody of the records and papers of the Tribunal for the time being in the Registrar's possession or under the Registrar's control.

(2) Except where the Tribunal otherwise orders under section 95(3), the records and papers of the Tribunal shall be available for public inspection, on payment of the prescribed fee (if any), at all reasonable times.

(3) Any person may, on application to a Registrar and on payment of the prescribed fee (if any), require that Registrar to supply to that person a true copy of any record or paper of the Tribunal for the time being in the custody or under the control of that Registrar and available for public inspection.

(4) A certificate, given under the hand of a Tenancy Adjudicator or of any Registrar and sealed with the seal of the Tribunal, to the effect that any such copy is a true copy of the record or paper of the Tribunal to which it relates shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be sufficient evidence that it is a true copy of that record or paper.

(1) There shall from time to time be appointed under the State Sector Act 1988 such number of Tenancy Mediators as may be required for the purposes of this Act.

(2) Every Tenancy Mediator appointed pursuant to subsection (1) shall be an officer of the department.

(3) Without limiting subsection (1), the Minister must appoint as Tenancy Mediators sufficient persons who are not officers or employees of any of the State services to act in cases to which the Crown or any instrument of the Crown or the department is a party, and in any other cases that may from time to time be required.

(4) [Repealed]

(5) Tenancy Mediators shall have the following duties, functions, and powers:

• (a) where an application has been made for the exercise of the Tribunal's jurisdiction in respect of any dispute, to offer their services to the parties to the dispute and to assist the parties in bringing about a settlement:

• (b) in giving such assistance, to inquire fully into any such dispute and all matters affecting its merits, and to make such suggestions and recommendations and do all such things as they think right and proper for inducing the parties to come to a fair and amicable settlement:

• (c) to carry out, in respect of disputes arising within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, all such directions as the Tribunal may think fit to give:

• (d) such other duties, functions, and powers as are conferred on Tenancy Mediators by this Act.

(6) No Tenancy Mediator shall have power to determine any matter in dispute, whether with or without a request by the parties.

(7) Subject to any directions of the Tribunal, no Tenancy Mediator shall have or exercise any duties, functions, or powers in respect of any dispute that is before the Tribunal.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (7), a dispute is before the Tribunal from the time when the Registrar receives notice of the dispute until the time when the Tribunal makes a final determination in respect of the dispute.

(9) In the performance of their duties, functions, and powers under this Act, Tenancy Mediators—

• (a) shall be subject to the directions of, and responsible to, the Tribunal irrespective of whether or not they are officers or employees of any of the State services, provided that in all other respects Tenancy Mediators shall be subject to the terms and conditions, whether express or implied, of their employment contract or appointment; and

• (b) shall be entitled to immunity from suit in respect of any act or matter done or omitted to be done by them in good faith.

(10) Tenancy Mediators may perform and exercise their duties, functions, and powers at any place within New Zealand.

(11) In respect of any Tenancy Mediator appointed under subsection (3), the following provisions shall apply:

• (a) the appointment shall be for a term not exceeding 3 years, but any such appointee may be reappointed from time to time:

• (b) any such appointee may be removed from office at any time by the Minister, and may at any time resign by notice addressed to the Minister:

• (c) there shall be paid to every such appointee remuneration by way of fees, salary, or allowances and travelling allowances and expenses in accordance with the Fees and Travelling Allowances Act 1951; and the provisions of that Act shall apply accordingly as if every such appointee were a member of a statutory Board within the meaning of that Act.

(1) The Tribunal has, subject to the Limitation Act 1950, jurisdiction to determine in accordance with this Act any dispute that—

• (a) exists between a landlord and a tenant or between a landlord and the guarantor of a tenant; and

• (b) relates to any tenancy to which this Act applies or to which this Act did apply at any material time.

(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the Tribunal shall have jurisdiction to do the following things:

• (a) to determine whether any premises are or are not, or were or were not at any material time, residential premises to which this Act applies:

• (ab) to determine whether any premises are or are not, or were or were not at any material time, a boarding house as defined in section 66B:

• (b) to determine whether there is or is not, or was or was not at any material time, a tenancy agreement to which this Act applies in force in respect of any residential premises, and to determine the terms of and the parties to any such agreement:

• (c) to determine whether any tenancy is or is not, or was or was not at any material time, a service tenancy:

• (d) to determine whether any rent that is, or that was at any material time, being charged in respect of any tenancy to which this Act applies does or does not or did or did not exceed the market rent for that tenancy by a substantial amount, and, where the rent does or did exceed the market rent by a substantial amount, to make such order relating to the rent as it thinks just:

• (e) where any rent is, was, or will be required wholly or partly in a form other than money, to determine in monetary terms the value of the rent so required:

• (f) to determine whether or not any notice purporting to terminate a service tenancy was or was not authorised by any of the provisions of this Act and given in the form and manner prescribed by or under this Act: